#!/usr/bin/env python # coding: utf-8 # Open In Colab # # ASE6029: Optimal guidance solutions # # $$ # \newcommand{\eg}{{\it e.g.}} # \newcommand{\ie}{{\it i.e.}} # \newcommand{\argmin}{\operatornamewithlimits{argmin}} # \newcommand{\mc}{\mathcal} # \newcommand{\mb}{\mathbb} # \newcommand{\mf}{\mathbf} # \newcommand{\minimize}{{\text{minimize}}} # \newcommand{\diag}{{\text{diag}}} # \newcommand{\cond}{{\text{cond}}} # \newcommand{\rank}{{\text{rank }}} # \newcommand{\range}{{\mathcal{R}}} # \newcommand{\null}{{\mathcal{N}}} # \newcommand{\tr}{{\text{trace}}} # \newcommand{\dom}{{\text{dom}}} # \newcommand{\dist}{{\text{dist}}} # \newcommand{\R}{\mathbf{R}} # \newcommand{\SM}{\mathbf{S}} # \newcommand{\ball}{\mathcal{B}} # \newcommand{\bmat}[1]{\begin{bmatrix}#1\end{bmatrix}} # $$ # # __
ASE6029: Linear Optimal Control, Inha University.
__ # _
Jong-Han Kim (jonghank@inha.ac.kr)
_ # _
Gyubin Park (gyubin@inha.edu)
_ # # ## **Guidance problems** # ### **Intercept Geometry** # # ![aaa.png](data:image/png;base64,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) # 위와 같은 geometry에서, 제어 대상의 초기 속도벡터는 flight path angle $\gamma$와 $V$로 주어지며, $L$만큼 떨어진 표적을 요격하기 위해 속도벡터에 수직인 가속도 명령 $u$를 쓸 수 있다고 가정하자. 이 제어 대상의 동역학은 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # \dot{l}&=V\cos\gamma \\ # \dot{r}&=V\sin\gamma \\ # V\dot{\gamma}&=u # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 제어 대상이 $l$축 방향을 따라 일정한 속도로 움직인다고 가정하면, $\gamma\approx0$을 이용해 선형화하는 동시에 $r$축 방향의 성분만을 고려한 동역학을 아래와 같이 나타낼 수 있다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # \dot{r}&=V\gamma \\ # V\dot{\gamma}&=u # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 이제 상태변수 $x$을 $\begin{bmatrix}r\\V\gamma\end{bmatrix}$로 나타내면, 이 제어 대상의 상태방정식은 다음과 같다. # # $$ # \underbrace{\begin{bmatrix}\dot{r}\\V\dot{\gamma}\end{bmatrix}}_\dot{x} = \underbrace{\begin{bmatrix}0&1\\0&0\end{bmatrix}}_A # \underbrace{\begin{bmatrix}r\\V\gamma\end{bmatrix}}_x+ # \underbrace{\begin{bmatrix}0\\1\end{bmatrix}}_Bu # $$ # # # # --- # # # ### **Solving Riccati Differential Equation** # # 요격 시점 $T_f$가 $\displaystyle\frac{L}{V}$으로 정의된다면, continuous-time, finite horizon LQR problem의 비용함수 $J(u, x)$와 제어입력 $u(t)$을 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있음을 보인 바 있다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # J(u, x)&=\int_{0}^{T_f}\begin{pmatrix}x(t)^TQx(t) + u(t)^TRu(t)\end{pmatrix}dt + x(T_f)^TQ_fx(T_f) \\ # u(t) &= -R^{-1}B^TP_tx(t) # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 여기서의 $P_t$은 Riccati differential equation $-\dot{P_t} = Q + A^TP_t + P_tA - P_tBR^{-1}B^TP_t$의 해로, 이 역시 Hamiltonian differential equation $\dot{z}(t) = \mathcal{H}z(t)$을 이용해 풀 수 있음을 보였다. Hamiltonian differential equation의 해는 $z(t)=e^{t\mathcal{H}}z(0)$으로 나타내어짐이 알려져 있으므로, $t=T_f$일 때의 $z(T_f)=e^{T_f\mathcal{H}}z(0)$을 이용해 $z(t) = e^{-\tau\mathcal{H}}z(T_f)$으로 나타낼 수 있으며, 이때 $\tau = T_f-t$은 요격까지 남은 시간, 즉 time-to-go을 의미한다. # # 자연로그의 밑 $e$의 정의에 따라, matrix exponential $e^{-\tau\mathcal{H}}$을 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다. # # $$ # e^{-\tau\mathcal{H}} = I - \tau\mathcal{H} + \frac{1}{2!}\tau^2\mathcal{H}^2 - \frac{1}{3!}\tau^3\mathcal{H}^3 + \frac{1}{4!}\tau^4\mathcal{H}^4 - \dotsm # $$ # # $R = I,~ Q = 0,~ Q_f = \begin{bmatrix}c_r & 0 \\ 0 & c_v\end{bmatrix}$로 주어지면 Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}$은 # $\begin{bmatrix} A & -BR^{-1}B^T \\ -Q & - A^T\end{bmatrix}= # \begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{c|c} # \begin{matrix}0&1\\0&0\end{matrix} & # \begin{matrix}0&0\\0&-1\end{matrix} \\ # \hline # \begin{matrix}0&0\\0&0\end{matrix} & # \begin{matrix}0&0\\-1&0\end{matrix} # \end{array}\end{bmatrix}$ # 이며, 그 sparse함으로 인해 $\mathcal{H}^4$ 이상의 거듭제곱이 영행렬임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 $e^{-\tau\mathcal{H}}$을 계산하면 # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # e^{-\tau\mathcal{H}} &= I - \tau\begin{bmatrix}0&1&0&0\\0&0&0&-1\\0&0&0&0\\0&0&-1&0\end{bmatrix} + \frac{1}{2}\tau^2\begin{bmatrix}0&0&0&-1\\0&0&1&0\\0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0\end{bmatrix} - \frac{1}{6}\tau^3\begin{bmatrix}0&0&1&0\\0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0\end{bmatrix}\\ # &=\begin{bmatrix}1&-\tau&-\frac{1}{6}\tau^3&-\frac{1}{2}\tau^2\\0&1&\frac{1}{2}\tau^2&\tau\\0&0&1&0\\0&0&\tau&1\end{bmatrix} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 위와 같으며, $z(T_f)$은 # $\begin{bmatrix}I\\Q_f\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1\\\hline c_r&0\\0&c_v\end{bmatrix}$이므로 Hamiltonian differential equation의 해 $z(t)$을 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # z(t) &= \begin{bmatrix}1&-\tau&-\frac{1}{6}\tau^3&-\frac{1}{2}\tau^2\\0&1&\frac{1}{2}\tau^2&\tau\\0&0&1&0\\0&0&\tau&1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1\\ c_r&0\\0&c_v\end{bmatrix}\\ # &= \begin{bmatrix}1-\frac{1}{6}c_r\tau^3 & -\tau-\frac{1}{2}c_v\tau^2 \\ \frac{1}{2}c_r\tau^2 & 1+c_v\tau \\ \hline c_r & 0 \\ c_r\tau & c_v\end{bmatrix}\\ # &= \begin{bmatrix}X(t)\\Y(t)\end{bmatrix} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # Riccati differential equation의 해 $P_t$은 $Y(t)X(t)^{-1}$이므로, # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # P_t &= Y(t)X(t)^{-1}\\ # &=\frac{1}{c_rc_v\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}c_rc_v\tau^4}\begin{bmatrix}c_r & 0 \\ c_r\tau & c_v\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1+c_v\tau & \tau+\frac{1}{2}c_v\tau^2 \\ -\frac{1}{2}c_r\tau^2 & 1-\frac{1}{6}c_r\tau^3\end{bmatrix} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 제어입력 $u(t) = -R^{-1}B^TP_tx(t)$은 다음과 같다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # u(t) &= -R^{-1}B^TP_tx(t)\\ # &=-\frac{1}{c_rc_v\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}c_rc_v\tau^4}\begin{bmatrix}0&1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}c_r & 0 \\ c_r\tau & c_v\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1+c_v\tau & \tau+\frac{1}{2}c_v\tau^2 \\ -\frac{1}{2}c_r\tau^2 & 1-\frac{1}{6}c_r\tau^3\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}r(t)\\v(t)\end{bmatrix}\\ # &= -\frac{1}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}\begin{bmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}\tau+\frac{1}{2}\tau^2&\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{c_v}\tau^2+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}r(t)\\v(t)\end{bmatrix}\\ # &= -\frac{\frac{1}{c_v}\tau+\frac{1}{2}\tau^2}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}r(t) - \frac{\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{c_v}\tau^2+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}v(t)\\ # &=-K_r(\tau)r(t) - K_v(\tau)v(t) # \end{aligned} # $$ # # # # --- # # #
# # ### **Flight path angle control: $c_r\rightarrow0,~ c_v\rightarrow\infty$** # # 종료 시점에서 $r$축 방향의 속도벡터 크기가 $0$이 되도록 제어하는 문제는 flight path angle $\gamma(t)$가 $0$이 되도록 하는 문제와 동일하다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # K_r(\tau) &= \frac{\frac{1}{c_v}\tau+\frac{1}{2}\tau^2}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}\rightarrow0\\ # K_v(\tau) &= \frac{\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{c_v}\tau^2+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}\rightarrow \frac{1}{\tau} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # Feedback gain은 위와 같이 근사되며, 이에 따른 제어입력 $u(t)=-K_r(\tau)r(t) - K_v(\tau)v(t)$은 다음과 같다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # u(t) &=-K_r(\tau)r(t) - K_v(\tau)v(t)\\ # &= -\frac{1}{\tau}v(t)\\ # &= -\frac{V}{\tau}\frac{v(t)}{V}\\ # &= -\frac{V}{\tau}\gamma(t) # \end{aligned} # $$ # # # # --- # # #
# # ### **Proportional navigation guidance: $c_r\rightarrow\infty,~c_v\rightarrow0$** # # 종료 시점에서 $r$축 방향의 변위가 $0$이 되도록 제어하는 문제를 생각하자. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # K_r(\tau) &= \frac{\frac{1}{c_v}\tau+\frac{1}{2}\tau^2}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}\rightarrow\frac{3}{\tau^2}\\ # K_v(\tau) &= \frac{\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{c_v}\tau^2+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}\rightarrow \frac{3}{\tau} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 제어입력 $u(t)$은 다음과 같다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # u(t) &=-K_r(\tau)r(t) - K_v(\tau)v(t)\\ # &= -\frac{3}{\tau^2}r(t)-\frac{3}{\tau}v(t) # \end{aligned} # $$ # 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) # 기존 geometry에서 제어 대상과 표적을 잇는 직선의 각도를 line of sight라고 정의하자. LOS의 각도를 $\lambda(t)$라 하면, $\tan(-\lambda(t))=\displaystyle\frac{r(t)}{V\tau}$가 성립한다. 이를 $\lambda\approx0$에서 선형화한다면 $\lambda(t)=\displaystyle-\frac{r(t)}{V\tau}$가 되며, $\dot{\lambda}$을 구하면 다음과 같다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # \dot{\lambda}(t)&=-\frac{\dot{r}(t)}{V\tau} - \frac{r(t)}{V}\dot{\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle\frac{1}{\tau}\end{pmatrix}}\\ # &=-\frac{v(t)}{V\tau} - \frac{r(t)}{V\tau^2} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 이렇게 구한 $\dot{\lambda}(t)$은 직전의 제어입력 $u(t)$와 동일한 형태이므로, 다음 결과를 얻는다. # # $$ # u(t) = 3V\dot{\lambda}(t) # $$ # # 이러한 guidance solution은 proportional navigation guidance라는 이름으로 알려져 있으며, PNG gain $3$이 제어 입력을 최소한으로 사용하도록 한다. # # $u(t)$을 $\dot{\lambda}(t)$ 대신 $\lambda(t)$와 $\gamma(t)$로 다음과 같이 나타낼 수도 있다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # u(t) &= -\frac{3}{\tau^2}r(t)-\frac{3}{\tau}v(t)\\ # &= \frac{V}{\tau}\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle-\frac{3r(t)}{V\tau}-\frac{3v(t)}{V}\end{pmatrix}\\ # &= \frac{V}{\tau}\begin{pmatrix}3\lambda(t) - 3\gamma(t)\end{pmatrix} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # # # --- # # # ### **Impact angle guidance: $c_r\rightarrow\infty,~ c_v\rightarrow\infty$** # # 종료 시점에서 $\gamma(t)$와 $r$축의 변위를 모두 $0$으로 수렴시키는 문제를 생각하자. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # K_r(\tau) &= \frac{\frac{1}{c_v}\tau+\frac{1}{2}\tau^2}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}\rightarrow\frac{6}{\tau^2}\\ # K_v(\tau) &= \frac{\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{c_v}\tau^2+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3}{\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_r}+\frac{1}{3}\tau^3\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{1}{c_v}+\tau\end{pmatrix}-\frac{1}{4}\tau^4}\rightarrow \frac{4}{\tau} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 제어입력 $u(t)$은 다음과 같으며, # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # u(t) &=-K_r(\tau)r(t) - K_v(\tau)v(t)\\ # &= -\frac{6}{\tau^2}r(t)-\frac{4}{\tau}v(t)\\ # &= V\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle-\frac{4r(t)}{V\tau^2}-\frac{4v(t)}{V\tau}-\frac{2r(t)}{V\tau^2}\end{pmatrix}\\ # &= V\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle4\dot{\lambda}(t)+2\frac{\lambda(t)}{\tau}\end{pmatrix} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 아래와 같은 형태로도 나타낼 수 있다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # u(t) &= -\frac{6}{\tau^2}r(t)-\frac{4}{\tau}v(t)\\ # &= \frac{V}{\tau}\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle-\frac{6r(t)}{V\tau}-\frac{4v(t)}{V}\end{pmatrix}\\ # &= \frac{V}{\tau}\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle6\lambda(t)-4\gamma(t)\end{pmatrix} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 이러한 guidance solution은 변위와 더불어 속도벡터 역시 최적 제어할 수 있으므로, rendezvous guidance, impact angle guidance, optimal guidance law 등의 이름으로 불린다. # #### **Non-zero impact angle guidance** # # ![aaa.png](data:image/png;base64,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) # 종료 시점에 제어 대상의 속도벡터가 $l'$축과 일치하도록 제어하는 문제를 생각하자. 기존 $l$축을 $\theta_f$만큼 회전시켜 $l'$축이 될 때, 이를 기준으로 하는 guidance solution은 flight path angle $\gamma$ 대신 $\gamma'=\gamma-\theta_f$을, line of sight $\lambda$ 대신 $\lambda'=\lambda-\theta_f$을 사용해 도출할 수 있다. 따라서 $\theta_f$의 각도로 표적을 요격하는 문제의 제어 입력은 다음과 같이 기술된다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # u(t) &= \frac{V}{\tau}\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle6\lambda(t)-4\gamma(t)\end{pmatrix}\\ # &\Downarrow\\ # u(t) &= \frac{V}{\tau}\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle6(\lambda(t)-\theta_f)-4(\gamma(t)-\theta_f)\end{pmatrix}\\ # &= \frac{V}{\tau}\begin{pmatrix}\displaystyle6\lambda(t)-4\gamma(t)-2\theta_f\end{pmatrix} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # # # --- # # # ## **Numerical example** # # ![aaa.png](data:image/png;base64,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) # 수평면 상에서 어떤 비행체의 속도를 $V$, heading angle을 $\chi$라 하고, 속도벡터의 수직 방향으로 제어입력 $u$를 사용해 표적을 요격하는 문제를 생각하자. 문제의 단순화를 위해 중력 및 별도의 항력은 무시한다. 이 비행체의 비선형 운동방정식은 다음과 같다. # # $$ # \begin{aligned} # \dot{P}_N &= V\cos\chi\\ # \dot{P}_E &= V\sin\chi\\ # \dot{\chi} &= \frac{u}{V} # \end{aligned} # $$ # # 상태변수 $x$을 $\begin{bmatrix}P_N\\P_E\\\chi\end{bmatrix}$으로 정의하면, 위 운동방정식을 $\dot{x} = f(x)$꼴의 미분방정식으로 나타낼 수 있다. # In[ ]: ##### Guidance Solutions of Nonlinear Dynamical System ##### # Nonlinear Dynamical Equations def state_dot(t, x, V, u): pos_N, pos_E, chi = x pos_N_dot = V*np.cos(chi) pos_E_dot = V*np.sin(chi) chi_dot = u/V return np.array([pos_N_dot, pos_E_dot, chi_dot]) # Simulation Settings tf = 1e3 dt = 1e-1 V = 10 x_init = [0, 0, -45*np.pi/180] # [Pos_N, Pos_E, Heading] tgt_pos = [-100, 400] # [Pos_N, Pos_E] Impact_Ang = 60*np.pi/180 # Loop for Various Guidance Solutions for m in range(0, 4): # Setting Variables n = int(tf/dt) + 1 t = np.linspace(0, tf, n) u = np.zeros([1, n]) x = np.zeros([3, n]) LOS = np.zeros([1, n]) dist = np.zeros([1, n]) x[:, 0] = x_init # Simulation Begins for i in range(0, n): rgo = np.linalg.norm(x[0 : 2, i] - tgt_pos) tgo = rgo/V LOS[0, i] = np.arctan2(tgt_pos[1] - x[1, i], tgt_pos[0] - x[0, i]) dist[0, i] = np.linalg.norm(x[0 : 2, i] - tgt_pos) # Guidance Solutions if m == 0: # PNG, Gain : 3 u[0, i] = V/tgo*3*(LOS[0, i] - x[2, i]) elif m == 1: # PNG, Gain : 4 u[0, i] = V/tgo*4*(LOS[0, i] - x[2, i]) elif m == 2: # OGL, Impact angle : 0 u[0, i] = V/tgo*(6*LOS[0, i] - 4*x[2, i]) elif m == 3: # OGL, Impact angle : 60 u[0, i] = V/tgo*(6*LOS[0, i] - 4*x[2, i] - 2*Impact_Ang) # State Derivatives x_dot = state_dot(t[i], x[:, i], V, u[0, i]) # Terminating Simulation if tgo < dt: if m == 0: t_PNG3 = t[0 : i] x_PNG3 = x[:, 0 : i] u_PNG3 = u[0, 0 : i] LOS_PNG3 = LOS[0, 0 : i] Dist_PNG3 = dist[0, 0 : i] elif m == 1: t_PNG4 = t[0 : i] x_PNG4 = x[:, 0 : i] u_PNG4 = u[0, 0 : i] LOS_PNG4 = LOS[0, 0 : i] Dist_PNG4 = dist[0, 0 : i] elif m == 2: t_OGL_1 = t[0 : i] x_OGL_1 = x[:, 0 : i] u_OGL_1 = u[0, 0 : i] LOS_OGL_1 = LOS[0, 0 : i] Dist_OGL_1 = dist[0, 0 : i] elif m == 3: t_OGL_2 = t[0 : i] x_OGL_2 = x[:, 0 : i] u_OGL_2 = u[0, 0 : i] LOS_OGL_2 = LOS[0, 0 : i] Dist_OGL_2 = dist[0, 0 : i] break # Numerical Integration if i < n - 1: x[:, i + 1] = x[:, i] + x_dot*dt # Plot Results plt.figure(figsize=(10,20)) plt.subplot(411) plt.plot(x_PNG3[1, :], x_PNG3[0, :], label = 'PNG(Gain : 3)') plt.plot(x_PNG4[1, :], x_PNG4[0, :], label = 'PNG(Gain : 4)') plt.plot(x_OGL_1[1, :], x_OGL_1[0, :], label = 'OGL(Impact : 0 [deg])') plt.plot(x_OGL_2[1, :], x_OGL_2[0, :], label = 'OGL(Impact : 60 [deg])') plt.plot(x_init[1], x_init[0], 'bo', fillstyle = 'none') plt.plot(tgt_pos[1], tgt_pos[0], 'xr') plt.xlabel('East [m]') plt.ylabel('North [m]') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.axis('equal') plt.title('Various Guidance Solutions') plt.subplot(412) plt.plot(t_PNG3, x_PNG3[2, :]*180/np.pi, label = 'PNG(Gain : 3)') plt.plot(t_PNG4, x_PNG4[2, :]*180/np.pi, label = 'PNG(Gain : 4)') plt.plot(t_OGL_1, x_OGL_1[2, :]*180/np.pi, label = 'OGL(Impact : 0 [deg])') plt.plot(t_OGL_2, x_OGL_2[2, :]*180/np.pi, label = 'OGL(Impact : 60 [deg])') plt.xlabel('time [sec]') plt.ylabel('Heading Angle $[deg]$') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.subplot(413) plt.plot(t_PNG3, u_PNG3, label = 'PNG(Gain : 3)') plt.plot(t_PNG4, u_PNG4, label = 'PNG(Gain : 4)') plt.plot(t_OGL_1, u_OGL_1, label = 'OGL(Impact : 0 [deg])') plt.plot(t_OGL_2, u_OGL_2, label = 'OGL(Impact : 60 [deg])') plt.xlabel('time [sec]') plt.ylabel('Acceleration Cmd $[m/s^2]$') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.subplot(414) plt.plot(t_PNG3, LOS_PNG3*180/np.pi, label = 'PNG(Gain : 3)') plt.plot(t_PNG4, LOS_PNG4*180/np.pi, label = 'PNG(Gain : 4)') plt.plot(t_OGL_1, LOS_OGL_1*180/np.pi, label = 'OGL(Impact : 0 [deg])') plt.plot(t_OGL_2, LOS_OGL_2*180/np.pi, label = 'OGL(Impact : 60 [deg])') plt.xlabel('time [sec]') plt.ylabel('Line of Sight [deg]') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.show() # In[ ]: plt.figure(figsize=(10,8)) plt.subplot(211) plt.plot(t_PNG3, Dist_PNG3, label = 'PNG(Gain : 3)') plt.plot(t_PNG4, Dist_PNG4, label = 'PNG(Gain : 4)') plt.plot(t_OGL_1, Dist_OGL_1, label = 'OGL(Impact : 0 [deg])') plt.plot(t_OGL_2, Dist_OGL_2, label = 'OGL(Impact : 60 [deg])') plt.xlabel('time [sec]') plt.ylabel('Miss Distance [m]') plt.title('Miss Distance') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.subplot(212) plt.plot(t_PNG3, Dist_PNG3, label = 'PNG(Gain : 3)') plt.plot(t_PNG4, Dist_PNG4, label = 'PNG(Gain : 4)') plt.plot(t_OGL_1, Dist_OGL_1, label = 'OGL(Impact : 0 [deg])') plt.plot(t_OGL_2, Dist_OGL_2, label = 'OGL(Impact : 60 [deg])') plt.xlabel('time [sec]') plt.ylabel('Miss Distance [m]') plt.xlim(50, 70) plt.ylim(0, 3) plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.show()