#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# ### Special characters
# 
# When we use strings, you will notice that we often want to use some "_special characters_". These special characters consist of the backslash character (`\`) followed by another character.
# 
# **Tab character** `\t`: For example, if we want to create an output of multiple columns, with each columns being separated with a tab from each other, we can use the tab character, which is represented as `\t`. 

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# Example: List the first name, last name, and email of a person, in columns
# Separate the columns using a tab character
str_4a ="First Name\tLast Name\tEmail"
str_4b ="Panagiotis\tIpeirotis\tpanos@nyu.edu"
str_4c ="Kristaps\tPorzingis\tkporzee@nba.com"
print(str_4a)
print(str_4b)
print(str_4c)


# **New line character** `\n`: This is a special character that we use to represent a new line.

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# Notice that we end the strings below with the \n character, 
# which is the "new line" special character
str_5 = "Hello World!\nHello World Twice!"
print(str_5)


# **Backslash character** `\\`: In general, backslash (`\`) is used to introduce special characters. If we want to type the backslash character itself, we do it by typing backslash twice in a row: `\\`.

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print("I want to print backslash: \\")


# **Quotes**: 

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str_4 = 'This is a string within single quotes that can contain "double quotes" as part of the string'
print(str_4)


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str_5 = 'If we want to have \'single quotes\' in single quoted string we should escape them'
print(str_5)


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str_6 = "Similarly, if we want to have \"double quotes\" in double quoted string we should escape them\n"
print(str_6)


# ### Splitting Strings: `split` and `join`
# 
# Since we talked about special characters, let’s talk now about splitting strings, using the `split()` function.
# 
# 
# + `longstring.split(separator)`: split the first string (longstring) at every occurrence of the second string (separator) Outputs a list (see below).
# + `connector.join(list)`:  join is the "reverse" of split, and joins all  the elements of the list, using the `connector` string in front.

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print("practical data science".split(" "))


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print("billgates@microsoft.com".split("@"))


# Or let's take the example from above:

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str_a ="First Name\tLast Name\tEmail"
str_b ="Panagiotis\tIpeirotis\tpanos@nyu.edu"
str_c ="Kristaps\tPorzingis\tkporzee@nba.com"
print(str_a.split('\t'))
print(str_b.split('\t'))
print(str_c.split('\t'))


# Notice that when we split a string and the delimeter character
# does not appear, then we get back the string itself, but converted
# into a list with a single element. (We will talk about lists in a 
#  couple of weeks)

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print("hello".split(" "))


#   Join is the "reverse" of split, and joins all
#  the elements of the list, using the "string" in front.
#  The command below joins the elements of the `line` variable using the 
#  characters `###` as the connecting element.

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line = ['Panagiotis', 'Ipeirotis', 'panos@nyu.edu']
"###".join(line)


# #### Exercise
# 
# Consider the string `billgates@microsoft.com`. Write code that finds the username of the email address and the domain of the email address, using the `split()` command.

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email = "billgates@microsoft.com"
result = email.split("@")
print(result)


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# We can also access the individual elements of a list using indexing
print("Username:", result[0])
print("Domain:", result[1])


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email = "billgates@microsoft.com"
result = email.split("@")
print(result)


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# And if we want to access the individual elements of a list we can use the indexing notation, as in the case of strings:
print("Username:", result[0])
print("Domain:", result[1])


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