#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# # String Operators

# ## + operator

# In[1]:


a = "Hello "
b = "Alice! "

print(a + b)

c = "Good morning!"

print(a+b+c)


# # * operator

# In[2]:


a = "echo"

print(a * 5)


# ## in operator

# In[3]:


a = "programming in python"
b = "python"
c = "code"

print(b in a)
print(c in a)


# # Indexing in strings

# In[4]:


s = "example.com"

print(s[0])

print(s[8])

print(s[8:11])

print(s[:7])

print(s[8:])

print(s[:])

print(s[0:11:2])

print(s[0:11:3])


# # String functions

# **Capitalize a string or make the first letter in capital**

# In[5]:


print(s.capitalize())


# **Returns the total number of characters in a string**

# In[6]:


print(len(s))


# **Counts the number of times a substring occurs in a string**

# In[7]:


print(s.count("e"))


# **Returns the index of the first substring that occurs in a string**

# In[8]:


print(s.index("m"))


# **Returns True if a string is a mix of alphabets and numbers**

# In[9]:


print("code001".isalnum())


# **Concatenates an array of string separated by the dilimeter by which the join method is called on.**

# In[10]:


names = ["Alice", "Bob"]

print(", ".join(names))


# **Splits a string by dilimeter or substring and returns the splitted substrings in an array**

# In[11]:


print(s.split("."))


# **Remove leading and trailing spaces**

# In[12]:


name = " Alice " # <- String with leading and trailing spaces

print("->|",name, "|<-") 

print("->|",name.strip(), "|<-") # Removed leading and trailing spaces


# **Coverts the string into uppercase**

# In[13]:


print(s.upper())


# **zfill is used to pad a numeric digit with 0s to the left.**

# In[14]:


print("1".zfill(4))
print("11".zfill(4))
print("111".zfill(4))
print("1111".zfill(4))


# **Some frequently used string built-in functions**

# In[15]:


print(chr(115)) # Returns a character equivalent of a number

print(ord("s")) # Returns an integer equivalent of a character

print(len(s)) # Returns length of a string

print(str(names)) # Returns string equivalent of an object


# # String formatting

# Example 1:

# In[16]:


name = "Alice"

welcomeText = f"Welcome {name}! Have a great day!"

print(welcomeText)


# Example 2:

# In[17]:


payeeName = "Bob"
billMonth = "September"
amount = 35.657448

text = f"Hello {payeeName}, your bill amount for the {billMonth} month is {amount:.2f} "
print(text)


# Example 3 : Any complicated Python compatible expressions can be evaluated as well with interpolation.

# In[18]:


currentHour = 10

greetText = f"Good {'Morning' if currentHour < 12 else 'Afternoon' if currentHour >= 12 and currentHour < 16 else 'Evening'}!"

text = f"Hello {payeeName}, \n{greetText} \nYour total bill for the {billMonth} month is {amount*1.05 :.2f} [Amount - {amount:.2f}, tax - {amount*0.05:.2f}]"

print(text)