How to process CfRadial1 Volume¶

along the example of cluttermap creation

We will make use of the following Open Source Software Packages:

In [1]:

import xarray as xr
import datatree
import xradar
import wradlib as wrl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [2]:

fname = "BHP210601110223.nc"

Define wrapper function for clutter extraction¶

In [3]:

def extract_clutter(da, refl, cmap, wsize=3, thrsnorain=0, tr1=6.0, n_p=6, tr2=1.3, rm_nans=False):
    if refl in da.variables:
        da = da.assign({cmap: xr.apply_ufunc(
            wrl.clutter.filter_gabella,
            da[refl],
            input_core_dims=[["azimuth", "range"]],
            output_core_dims=[["azimuth", "range"]],
            dask="parallelized",
            kwargs=dict(
                wsize=wsize,
                thrsnorain=thrsnorain,
                tr1=tr1,
                n_p=n_p,
                tr2=tr2,
                rm_nans=rm_nans,
            ),
        )})
    return da

Open CfRadial1 data file¶

We make use of our new openradar community package xradar which builds on xarray and xarray-datatree.

In [4]:

vol = xradar.io.open_cfradial1_datatree(fname)

In [5]:

display(vol)

<xarray.DatasetView>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 10)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_8' 'sweep_9'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float32 ...
    latitude             float64 ...
    longitude            float64 ...
    altitude             float64 ...
    time_coverage_start  |S32 ...
    time_coverage_end    |S32 ...
    volume_number        int32 ...
    platform_type        |S32 ...
    instrument_type      |S32 ...
    primary_axis         |S32 ...
Attributes:
    Conventions:      CF/Radial instrument_parameters
    version:          1.3
    title:            
    institution:      
    references:       
    source:           
    comment:          
    instrument_name:  BHOPAL-RADAR
    history:

datatree.DataTree

Groups: (12)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: () Data variables: radar_beam_width_v float32 ... radar_beam_width_h float32 ...
radar_parameters
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (2)
radar_beam_width_v
()
float32
...
long_name :
Antenna beam width V polarization
units :
degrees
meta_group :
radar_parameters
[1 values with dtype=float32]
radar_beam_width_h
()
float32
...
long_name :
Antenna beam width H polarization
units :
degrees
meta_group :
radar_parameters
[1 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: () Data variables: *empty*
georeferencing_correction
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:02:49 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.9778 2.0 2.999 ... 358.0 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_0
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:02:49 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:02:49.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:02:49.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:02:49.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:02:49.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:02:49.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:02:49.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.9778 2.0 2.999 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.977783, 1.999511, 2.999268, ..., 358.03345 , 358.9975 , 359.98077 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:03:19 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.9998 2.013 3.035 ... 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_1
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:03:19 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:03:19.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:19.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:19.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:03:19.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:19.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:19.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.9998 2.013 3.035 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.999756, 2.013244, 3.034973, ..., 358.00873 , 359.00574 , 359.98627 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:03:49 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.9888 2.013 3.021 ... 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_2
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:03:49 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:03:49.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:49.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:49.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:03:48.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:48.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:03:48.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.9888 2.013 3.021 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.98877 , 2.013244, 3.02124 , ..., 358.01422 , 359.01398 , 359.99176 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:04:48 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.9998 1.991 2.991 ... 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_3
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:04:48 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:04:48.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:04:48.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:04:48.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:04:47.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:04:47.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:04:47.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.9998 1.991 2.991 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.999756, 1.991272, 2.991028, ..., 357.9895 , 359.00024 , 359.99176 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:05:17 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.005487 0.9998 2.01 ... 358.0 359.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_4
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:05:17 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:05:17.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:05:17.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:05:17.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:05:17.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:05:17.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:05:17.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.005487 0.9998 ... 358.0 359.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([5.487279e-03, 9.997557e-01, 2.010498e+00, ..., 3.570007e+02, 3.580115e+02, 3.590112e+02], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:06:16 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.005489 1.022 1.994 ... 358.0 359.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_5
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:06:16 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:06:16.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:06:16.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:05:47.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:06:16.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:06:16.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:06:16.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.005489 1.022 ... 358.0 359.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([5.488968e-03, 1.021729e+00, 1.994018e+00, ..., 3.570090e+02, 3.580060e+02, 3.590085e+02], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:06:45 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.9998 2.008 3.013 ... 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_6
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:06:45 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:06:45.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:06:45.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:06:45.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:06:45.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:06:45.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:06:45.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.9998 2.008 3.013 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.999756, 2.007751, 3.013 , ..., 358.01697 , 359.00024 , 359.9945 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:07:45 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.986 2.008 3.018 ... 358.0 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_7
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:07:45 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:07:45.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:07:45.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:07:45.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:07:44.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:07:45.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:07:45.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.986 2.008 3.018 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.986023, 2.007751, 3.018493, ..., 358.00598 , 359.003 , 359.989 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:08:43 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.9915 2.0 3.005 ... 358.0 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_8
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:08:43 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:08:43.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:08:43.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:08:44.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:08:43.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:08:43.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:08:43.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.9915 2.0 3.005 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.991516, 1.999511, 3.004761, ..., 358.00323 , 359.00848 , 359.9945 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Dimensions: (azimuth: 360, range: 500) Coordinates: time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-06-01T11:09:42 ... 2021-... * range (range) float32 0.0 500.0 1e+03 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05 * azimuth (azimuth) float32 0.9998 1.997 3.013 ... 359.0 360.0 elevation (azimuth) float32 ... latitude float64 ... longitude float64 ... altitude float64 ... Data variables: (12/13) reflectivity (azimuth, range) float32 ... velocity (azimuth, range) float32 ... spectrum_width (azimuth, range) float32 ... R (azimuth, range) float32 ... sweep_number int32 ... sweep_fixed_angle float32 ... ... ... pulse_width (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_mode |S32 ... prt (azimuth) timedelta64[ns] ... prt_ratio (azimuth) float32 ... nyquist_velocity (azimuth) float32 ... unambiguous_range (azimuth) float32 ...
sweep_9
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
azimuth: 360
range: 500
Coordinates: (7)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-06-01T11:09:42 ... 2021-06-...
long_name :
time_in_seconds_since_volume_start
standard_name :
time
comment :
Coordinate variable for time. Time at the center of each ray, in fractional seconds since the global variable time_coverage_start
array(['2021-06-01T11:09:42.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:09:42.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:09:43.000000000', ..., '2021-06-01T11:09:42.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:09:42.000000000', '2021-06-01T11:09:42.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
range
(range)
float32
0.0 500.0 ... 2.49e+05 2.495e+05
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
spacing_is_constant :
true
comment :
Coordinate variable for range. Range to center of each bin.
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0.0
meters_between_gates :
500.0
array([ 0., 500., 1000., ..., 248500., 249000., 249500.], dtype=float32)
azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.9998 1.997 3.013 ... 359.0 360.0
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_azimuth_angle
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
comment :
Azimuth of antenna relative to true north
array([ 0.999756, 1.996765, 3.013 , ..., 358.00323 , 359.00574 , 359.9945 ], dtype=float32)
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
standard_name :
beam_elevation_angle
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
comment :
Elevation of antenna relative to the horizontal plane
[360 values with dtype=float32]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Latitude
units :
degrees_north
standard_name :
Latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
Longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
Altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
Altitude
positive :
up
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (13)
reflectivity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Reflectivity
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
equivalent_reflectivity_factor
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
velocity
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Mean dopper velocity
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
spectrum_width
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width
units :
meters_per_second
standard_name :
doppler_spectrum_width
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
R
(azimuth, range)
float32
...
long_name :
Rain_Rate
units :
mm/h
standard_name :
Rain_Rate
[180000 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_number
()
int32
...
long_name :
Sweep number
units :
count
standard_name :
sweep_number
[1 values with dtype=int32]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float32
...
long_name :
Target angle for sweep
units :
degrees
standard_name :
target_fixed_angle
[1 values with dtype=float32]
sweep_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Sweep mode
units :
unitless
standard_name :
sweep_mode
comment :
Options are: "sector", "coplane", "rhi", "vertical_pointing", "idle", "azimuth_surveillance", "elevation_surveillance", "sunscan", "pointing", "manual_ppi", "manual_rhi"
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
pulse_width
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse width
comments :
Pulse width
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_mode
()
|S32
...
long_name :
Pulsing mode
units :
unitless
comments :
Pulsing mode Options are: "fixed", "staggered", "dual". Assumed "fixed" if missing.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
prt
(azimuth)
timedelta64[ns]
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition time
comments :
Pulse repetition time. For staggered prt, also see prt_ratio.
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=timedelta64[ns]]
prt_ratio
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Pulse repetition frequency ratio
units :
unitless
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
nyquist_velocity
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Nyquist velocity
units :
meters_per_second
comments :
Unambiguous velocity
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
unambiguous_range
(azimuth)
float32
...
long_name :
Unambiguous range
units :
meters
comments :
Unambiguous range
meta_group :
instrument_parameters
[360 values with dtype=float32]
Attributes: (0)
Dimensions:
- sweep: 10
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (11)
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_9'
```
array(['sweep_0', 'sweep_1', 'sweep_2', 'sweep_3', 'sweep_4', 'sweep_5',
       'sweep_6', 'sweep_7', 'sweep_8', 'sweep_9'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Target angle for sweep
  units :
  degrees
  standard_name :
  target_fixed_angle
```
[10 values with dtype=float32]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  standard_name :
  Latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  Longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  Altitude
  positive :
  up
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  |S32
  ...
  long_name :
  UTC time of first ray in the file
  units :
  unitless
```
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  |S32
  ...
  long_name :
  UTC time of last ray in the file
  units :
  unitless
```
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
```
- volume_number
  ()
  int32
  ...
  long_name :
  Volume number
  units :
  unitless
```
[1 values with dtype=int32]
```
- platform_type
  ()
  |S32
  ...
  long_name :
  Platform type
```
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  |S32
  ...
  long_name :
  Instrument type
```
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  |S32
  ...
  long_name :
  Primary axis
```
[1 values with dtype=|S32]
```
Attributes: (9)
Conventions :
CF/Radial instrument_parameters
version :
1.3
title :
institution :
references :
source :
comment :
instrument_name :
BHOPAL-RADAR
history :

Map clutter extraction over volume¶

This uses xarray-datatree functionality as well as xarray and wradlib.

In [6]:

vol = vol.map_over_subtree(extract_clutter, "reflectivity", "CMAP", wsize=3, thrsnorain=0.0, tr1=14, n_p=2, tr2=1.5, rm_nans=False)

Export to new Cfradial2 Volume¶

Uses xradar.

In [7]:

new_name = "new_cfradial2_volume.nc"
xradar.io.export.to_cfradial2(vol, new_name)

Reopen Cfradial2 Volume¶

Uses xarray-datatree.

In [8]:

nvol = datatree.open_datatree(new_name)
display(nvol)

Georeference Volume¶

We use xradar-Accessor here. The sweeps are georeferenced with azimuthal equidistant projection.

In [9]:

nvol = nvol.xradar.georeference()

Plotting¶

Uses xarray provided plotting using matplotlib.

Get first sweep Dataset by name¶

In [10]:

swpx = nvol["sweep_0"].ds
display(swpx)

Plot first sweep¶

In [11]:

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 12))

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)
swpx.reflectivity.plot(x="x", y="y", ax=ax1, vmin=0, vmax=60)
ax1.set_title("Reflectivity raw")

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)
swpx.CMAP.plot(x="x", y="y", ax=ax2)
ax2.set_title("Cluttermap")

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223)
swpx.reflectivity.where(swpx.CMAP == 1).plot(
    x="x", y="y", ax=ax3, vmin=0, vmax=60
)
ax3.set_title("Clutter")

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224)
swpx.reflectivity.where(swpx.CMAP < 1).plot(
    x="x", y="y", ax=ax4, vmin=0, vmax=60
)
ax4.set_title("Reflectivity clutter removed")

Out[11]:

Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Reflectivity clutter removed')

Get second sweep Dataset by name¶

In [12]:

swpx = nvol["sweep_1"].ds
display(swpx)

PPlot Second Sweep¶

In [13]:

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 12))

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)
swpx.reflectivity.plot(x="x", y="y", ax=ax1, vmin=0, vmax=60)
ax1.set_title("Reflectivity raw")

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)
swpx.CMAP.plot(x="x", y="y", ax=ax2)
ax2.set_title("Cluttermap")

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223)
swpx.reflectivity.where(swpx.CMAP == 1).plot(
    x="x", y="y", ax=ax3, vmin=0, vmax=60
)
ax3.set_title("Clutter")

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224)
swpx.reflectivity.where(swpx.CMAP < 1).plot(
    x="x", y="y", ax=ax4, vmin=0, vmax=60
)
ax4.set_title("Reflectivity clutter removed")

Out[13]:

Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Reflectivity clutter removed')