organize
organizing system
discipline
framework
resource
collection
intentional arrangement
agent
description resource
primary resource
surrogate resource
metadata
Robert J. Glushko
Organizing Systems
organizing system
collection resources
intentional arrangement
interactions
resource physical
resource digital
physical things
digital things
organize
activities organizing
part-whole inclusion
inclusion part-whole
digital library
information as thing
Buckland, Michael
Nunberg, Geoff
concept information
zoo antelope as document
library science document
library science authorship
Melville, Herman is the author of Moby Dick
Moby Dick has author Melville, Herman
white space print publishing
discipline of organizing
discipline
library science bibliographic universe
Wilson, Patrick
framework
organizing system
concept organizing system
computational agents
cataloging
Svenonius, Elaine
tradeoffs principle
principle tradeoffs
tradeoffs inherent
resource
primary resource introduced
concept resource
HTTP resource
URI resource
URI
HTTP
URI
HTTP
computing content negotiation
business applications content negotiation
primary resource
resource primary
RFID
computational agents
business intellectual capital
collection
collection index
concept collection
concept index
resource description index
resource collection
set
aggregation
dataset
corpus
index
resource description index
library science index
language index
intentional arrangement
concept intentional arrangement
self-organizing systems
Smith, Adam
Darwin, Charles
intentional arrangement defined
computational agents
self-organizing system
data structures self-organizing system
CERN
Berners-Lee, Tim
W3C
computing plain web
organizing principle
concept organizing principle
alphabetical ordering
chronological ordering
digital library
white space print publishing
organizing system three tiered
data storage architectural tier
business logic architectural tier
presentation architectural tier
architectural perspective three tier model
white space print publishing
digitization
resource digitization
activities selecting digitization
constraints physical
computing alternative resources
collocation
principle collocation
computing algorithm analysis
white space print publishing
concept agent
library science job titles
agent
interactions agent
costs accounting
agency
computational processes
RFID
computational agents
interactions
concept interactions
finding interaction
identifying interaction
selecting interaction
interactions defined
IFLA
library science IFLA
Cutter, Charles
physical resources digital zoo
physical resources interactions telepresence
zoo Digital Zoo sidebar
law fair use doctrine
fair use doctrine
copyright fair use doctrine
copyright use of DRM
DRM
API
costs accounting
business applications resource management
fair use doctrine
copyright fair use doctrine
organizing system design decisions
organizing system what, why, where, when, how and by whom?
design decisions
tradeoffs imposed by requirements
constraints contextual
organizing system design space
design space
organizing system ways to classify
classifying organizing systems ways to
EDM
computing storage tier
IFLA library types
library science types
organizing system view multifaceted
organizing system view multidimensional
zoo as organizing system
library science what is
interactions circulation
circulation
interactions circulation defines a library
Brin, Sergei
business applications digitization
categorization challenge
Google book digitization project
law orphan works
Samuelson, Pamela
costs legal
orphan works
copyright orphan works
digital library
Hathi Trust
constraints functional
organizing what
organizing identity
identity
SKU
FRBR
library science FRBR
fonds
library science fonds
archives University of California Berkeley
fonds
respect pour les fonds
University of California, Berkeley archives
Hearst Castle archives
archives respect pour les fonds
library science archives
library science fonds
organizing why
zoo versus theme parks and preserves
cognitive science undefined boundaries
library science organizing systems
business organizing systems
ERP
ECM
CRM
BI
KM
SCM
organizing degree
organizing how much
degree of organizing systems
SKU
costs accounting
cataloging
library science cataloging rules
Coase, Ronald
Smith, Adam
Williamson, Oliver
Chandler, Alfred
Simon, Herbert
transaction costs
costs transaction
costs Moore's Law
Moore's Law
costs transaction
organizing when
temporal parameters
tradeoffs organization versus retrieval
EXIF
computing EXIF
chronological ordering
numerical ordering
LOC-CN
LOC-SH
ISBN
Nunberg, Geoff
library science metadata train wreck
Google personalized ad placement
search results selection and ranking
ranking search results
selection
governance
activities maintenance governance
institutional governance
organizing how
organizing by whom
organizing professionals
bibliographic universe
costs human factors
cataloging formal
library science education vs practice
NSPO
white space print publishing
Web 2.0 sidebar
Library 2.0 sidebar
Museum 2.0 sidebar
Gov 2.0 sidebar
O'Reilly, Tim
Dougherty, Dale
Amazon.com
eBay
Twitter
Facebook
folksonomy
computing hidden web
Yahoo!
Yang, Jerry
Filo, David
organizing this book
tradeoffs organization versus retrieval
NLP
ranking descriptions
tradeoffs descriptive versus prescriptive
University of California, Berkeley
School of
Information
Berkeley
World Wide Web
Consortium
Apple
US Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
International Federation of
Library Associations and
Institutions
International Federation
of Library Associations
Flickr
Google
Google
US District
Court
US Justice Department
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Digital Public Library of
America
US Congress
Natural History Museum
Sea
World
University of California,
Berkeley
Google
Google
Google
Flickr
Westlaw
LexisNexis
National Association of Professional
Organizers
Google
Amazon.com
eBay
Wikipedia
Facebook
Twitter
YouTube
Google
Microsoft
Yahoo!
Google
Microsoft
Michael Buckland
Herman Melville
Patrick Wilson
Elaine Svenonius
Adam Smith
Charles Darwin
Tim Berners-Lee
Sergei Brin
Jennifer Trant
Anne Gilliland
Julia Morgan
Tom Malone
Neil Simon
Geoff Nunberg
Tim O'Reilly
Dale Dougherty
Andrew McAfee
Tim O'Reilly
Thomas Van der Wal
Jeff Howe
Jerry Yang
David Filo
To organize is to create capabilities by intentionally imposing order and
structure.
Organizing
System : an
intentionally arranged collection of resources and the interactions they
support.
library science
information science
cognitive science
systems analysis
computer science
information organization
art and science of
organizing
A discipline is an integrated field of study in which there is some level of agreement about
the issues and problems that deserve study, how they are interrelated, how they
should be studied, and how findings or theories about the issues and problems
should be evaluated.
A framework is a set of concepts that provide the basic structure for understanding a
domain, enabling a common vocabulary for different explanatory
theories.
An organizing system is a collection of resources arranged in ways that
enable people or computational agents to interact with them.
Resource has
an ordinary sense of anything of value that can support goal-oriented
activity. This definition means that a resource can be a physical thing , a non-physical thing, information about
physical things, information about non-physical things, or anything you want to
organize. Other words that aim for this broad scope are entity , object , item , and instance . Document is
often used for an information resource in either digital or physical format; artifact refers to resources created by people, and asset for resources with
economic value.
Resource has specialized
meaning in Internet architecture. It is conventional to describe web pages,
images, videos, product catalogs, and so on as resources and the protocol for
accessing them, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP , uses the Uniform Resource Identifier URI .
RFID computational agents Treating as a primary
resource anything that can be
identified is an important generalization of the concept because it enables
web-based services, data feeds, objects with RFID tags , sensors or other smart
devices or computational agents to be part of Organizing Systems.
Many of the resources in
Organizing Systems are description
resources or surrogate
resources that describe the primary
resources ; library catalog entries or the list of results in web
search engines are familiar examples.
Resources that describe, or are associated with other resources are
sometimes called metadata .
A collection is a group of resources that have been selected for some purpose. Similar terms
are set (mathematics), aggregation (data modeling), dataset (science and
business), and corpus (linguistics and literary analysis).
An index is
a description
resource that contains information about the locations and
frequencies of terms in a document collection to enable it to be searched
efficiently.
Intentional
arrangement emphasizes explicit
or implicit acts of organization by people, or by computational processes acting
as proxies for, or as implementations of, human intentionality. Intentional
arrangement excludes naturally-occurring patterns created by physical,
geological, biological or genetic processes.
Self-organizing systems can
change their internal structure or their function in response to feedback or
changed circumstances.
Organizing
principles are directives for the design or
arrangement of a collection of resources that are ideally expressed in a way
that does not assume any particular implementation or
realization.
arranging resources
according to their names
arranging resources
according to the date of their creation or other important event in the
lifetime of the resource
It is highly desirable when the design and implementation of an
organizing system separates the storage of the resources from the
logic of their arrangement and the methods for interacting with
them. This three-tier architect is familiar to designers of
computerized organizing systems but it is also useful to think about
organizing systems in this way even when it involves physical
resources.
Because tangible
things can only be in one place at a
time , many Organizing Systems — like
that in the modern library with online catalogs and physical collections — resolve
this constraint by creating digital proxies or surrogates to organize their tangible resources, or
create parallel digital resources like digitized books.
The Organizing System
for a small collection can sometimes use only the minimal or default
organizing principle of collocation — putting
all the resources in the same container, on the same
shelf , or in the same email in-box.
Some organization emerges implicitly through
a frequency of
use principle. In your kitchen or
clothes closet, the resources you use most often migrate to the front
because that is the easiest place to return them after using them.
We use the more general
word, agent , for
any entity capable of autonomous and intentional organizing effort, because
it treats organizing work done by people and organizing work done by
computers as having common goals, despite obvious differences in
methods.
agency A group of people can be an organizing agent , as when a
group of people come together in a service club or standards body technical
committee in which the members of the group subordinate their own individual
agency to achieve a collective good.
RFID computational agents In some Organizing Systems the resources themselves are capable
of initiating interactions with other resources or with external agents .
An interaction is an action , function , service , or capability that makes use of the resources in a collection
or the collection as a whole. The interaction of access is fundamental in any collection of
resources, but many Organizing Systems provide additional functions to make access more efficient
and to support additional interactions with the accessed
resources. For example, libraries and similar Organizing Systems implement
catalogs to enable interactions for finding a known resource, identifying any resource in the
collection, and discriminating or selecting among similar
resources.
We might treat circulation , borrowing and returning the
same item, as one of the interactions with resources that defines a
library.
The original order of the
resources in an archive embodies the implicit or explicit Organizing System of
the person or entity that created the documents and it is treated as an
essential part of the meaning of the collection. As a result, the unit of
organization for archival collections is the fonds — the
original arrangement or grouping, preserving any hierarchy of boxes , folders , envelopes , and individual documents — and thus they are not
re-organized according to other (perhaps more systematic)
classifications.
Curation usually refers to the methods or systems
that add value to and preserve resources, while the concept of governance more often emphasizes the
institutions or organizations that carry out those activities. The former is
most often used for libraries, museums, or archives and the latter for
enterprise or inter-enterprise contexts.
Fortunately most users of Web 2.0 or community content applications at
least partly recognize that the organization of resources emerges from the
aggregated contributions of all users, which provides incentive to use less
egocentric descriptors and classifications.
Classification is
applied categorization — the assignment of resources to a
system of categories, called classes, using a predetermined set of
principles.