Manipulate the Simulation¶

This example shows how to play with the simulation, such as contingency analysis and manipulate the constraints.

In [1]:

import ams

import datetime

In [2]:

print("Last run time:", datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

print(f'ams:{ams.__version__}')

Last run time: 2024-03-06 20:32:43
ams:0.9.3

In [3]:

ams.config_logger(stream_level=20)

Manipulate the Simulation¶

Load Case¶

In [4]:

sp = ams.load(ams.get_case('5bus/pjm5bus_uced.xlsx'),
              setup=True,
              no_output=True,)

Parsing input file "/Users/jinningwang/Documents/work/mambaforge/envs/amsre/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ams/cases/5bus/pjm5bus_uced.xlsx"...
Input file parsed in 0.0927 seconds.
Zero line rates detacted in rate_a, rate_b, rate_c, adjusted to 999.
If expect a line outage, please set 'u' to 0.
System set up in 0.0021 seconds.

The system load are defined in model PQ.

In [5]:

sp.PQ.as_df()

Out[5]:

	idx	u	name	bus	Vn	p0	q0	vmax	vmin	owner	ctrl
uid
0	PQ_1	1.0	PQ 1	Bus_2	230.0	3.0	0.9861	1.1	0.9	None	1.0
1	PQ_2	1.0	PQ 2	Bus_3	230.0	3.0	0.9861	1.1	0.9	None	1.0
2	PQ_3	1.0	PQ 3	Bus_4	230.0	4.0	1.3147	1.1	0.9	None	1.0

In RTED, system load is referred as pd.

In [6]:

sp.RTED.pd.v

Out[6]:

array([3., 3., 4.])

Run Simulation¶

RTED can be solved and one can inspect the results as discussed in previous example.

In [7]:

sp.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> initialized in 0.0134 seconds.
<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0149 seconds, converged in 11 iterations with ECOS.

Out[7]:

True

Power generation pg and line flow plf can be accessed as follows.

In [8]:

sp.RTED.pg.v

Out[8]:

array([2.1       , 5.2       , 0.70000001, 2.        ])

In [9]:

sp.RTED.plf.v

Out[9]:

array([ 0.70595332,  0.68616798,  0.00192539, -1.58809337,  0.61190663,
       -0.70192539,  0.70595332])

Change Load¶

The load values can be manipulated in the model PQ.

In [10]:

sp.PQ.set(src='p0', attr='v', idx=['PQ_1', 'PQ_2'], value=[3.2, 3.2])

Out[10]:

True

According parameters need to be updated to make the changes effective in the optimization model. If not sure which parameters need to be updated, one can use update() to update all parameters.

In [11]:

sp.RTED.update('pd')

Out[11]:

True

After manipulation, the routined can be solved again.

In [12]:

sp.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0019 seconds, converged in 11 iterations with ECOS.

Out[12]:

True

In [13]:

sp.RTED.pg.v

Out[13]:

array([2.1, 5.2, 1.1, 2. ])

An alternative way is to alter the load through RTED.

As pd has owner StaticLoad and soruce p0, the parameter update through RTED actually happens to StaticLoad.p0.

In [14]:

sp.RTED.pd.owner

Out[14]:

StaticLoad (3 devices) at 0x16ac83e50

In [15]:

sp.RTED.pd.src

Out[15]:

'p0'

Similarly, the load can be changed using set method.

In [16]:

sp.RTED.set(src='pd', attr='v', idx=['PQ_1', 'PQ_2'], value=[3.8, 3.8])

Out[16]:

True

Remember to update the optimization parameters after the change.

In [17]:

sp.RTED.update('pd')

Out[17]:

True

We can see that the original load is also updated.

In [18]:

sp.PQ.as_df()

Out[18]:

	idx	u	name	bus	Vn	p0	q0	vmax	vmin	owner	ctrl
uid
0	PQ_1	1.0	PQ 1	Bus_2	230.0	3.8	0.9861	1.1	0.9	None	1.0
1	PQ_2	1.0	PQ 2	Bus_3	230.0	3.8	0.9861	1.1	0.9	None	1.0
2	PQ_3	1.0	PQ 3	Bus_4	230.0	4.0	1.3147	1.1	0.9	None	1.0

In [19]:

sp.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0024 seconds, converged in 11 iterations with ECOS.

Out[19]:

True

As expected, the power generation also changed.

In [20]:

sp.RTED.pg.v

Out[20]:

array([2.1       , 5.2       , 2.30000001, 2.        ])

Trip a Generator¶

We can see that there are three PV generators in the system.

In [21]:

sp.PV.as_df()

Out[21]:

	idx	u	name	Sn	Vn	bus	busr	p0	q0	pmax	...	Qc2min	Qc2max	Ragc	R10	R30	Rq	apf	pg0	td1	td2
uid
0	PV_1	1.0	Alta	100.0	230.0	Bus_1	None	1.0000	0.0	2.1	...	0.0	0.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0
1	PV_3	1.0	Solitude	100.0	230.0	Bus_3	None	3.2349	0.0	5.2	...	0.0	0.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0
2	PV_5	1.0	Brighton	100.0	230.0	Bus_5	None	4.6651	0.0	6.0	...	0.0	0.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0

3 rows × 33 columns

PV_1 is tripped by setting its connection status u to 0.

In [22]:

sp.StaticGen.set(src='u', attr='v', idx='PV_1', value=0)

Out[22]:

True

In AMS, some parameters are defiend as constants in the numerical optimization model to follow the CVXPY DCP and DPP rules. Once non-parametric parameters are changed, the optimization model will be re-initialized to make the changes effective.

More details can be found at CVXPY - Disciplined Convex Programming.

In [23]:

sp.RTED.update()

<RTED> reinit OModel due to non-parametric change.

Out[23]:

True

Then we can re-solve the model.

In [24]:

sp.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0144 seconds, converged in 10 iterations with ECOS.

Out[24]:

True

We can see that the tripped generator has no power generation.

In [25]:

sp.RTED.pg.v.round(2)

Out[25]:

array([0. , 5.2, 4.4, 2. ])

Trip a Line¶

We can inspect the Line model to check the system topology.

In [26]:

sp.Line.as_df()

Out[26]:

	idx	u	name	bus1	bus2	Sn	fn	Vn1	Vn2	r	...	tap	phi	rate_a	rate_b	rate_c	owner	xcoord	ycoord	amin	amax
uid
0	Line_0	1.0	Line AB	Bus_1	Bus_2	100.0	60.0	230.0	230.0	0.00281	...	1.0	0.0	4.0	999.0	999.0	None	None	None	-6.283185	6.283185
1	Line_1	1.0	Line AD	Bus_1	Bus_4	100.0	60.0	230.0	230.0	0.00304	...	1.0	0.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	None	None	None	-6.283185	6.283185
2	Line_2	1.0	Line AE	Bus_1	Bus_5	100.0	60.0	230.0	230.0	0.00064	...	1.0	0.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	None	None	None	-6.283185	6.283185
3	Line_3	1.0	Line BC	Bus_2	Bus_3	100.0	60.0	230.0	230.0	0.00108	...	1.0	0.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	None	None	None	-6.283185	6.283185
4	Line_4	1.0	Line CD	Bus_3	Bus_4	100.0	60.0	230.0	230.0	0.00297	...	1.0	0.0	999.0	999.0	999.0	None	None	None	-6.283185	6.283185
5	Line_5	1.0	Line DE	Bus_4	Bus_5	100.0	60.0	230.0	230.0	0.00297	...	1.0	0.0	2.4	999.0	999.0	None	None	None	-6.283185	6.283185
6	Line_6	1.0	Line AB2	Bus_1	Bus_2	100.0	60.0	230.0	230.0	0.00281	...	1.0	0.0	4.0	999.0	999.0	None	None	None	-6.283185	6.283185

7 rows × 28 columns

Here line 2 is tripped by setting its connection status u to 0.

Note that in ANDES, dynamic simulation of line tripping should use model Toggle.

In [27]:

sp.Line.set(src='u', attr='v', idx='Line_1', value=0)

Out[27]:

True

In [28]:

sp.RTED.update()

<RTED> reinit OModel due to non-parametric change.

Out[28]:

True

In [29]:

sp.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0145 seconds, converged in 10 iterations with ECOS.

Out[29]:

True

Here we can see the tripped line has no flow.

In [30]:

sp.RTED.plf.v.round(2)

Out[30]:

array([ 1.34,  0.  , -2.68, -1.12,  0.28, -1.72,  1.34])

Disable Constraints¶

In addition to the system parameters, the constraints can also be manipulated.

Here, we load the case to a new system.

In [31]:

spc = ams.load(ams.get_case('5bus/pjm5bus_uced.xlsx'),
               setup=True,
               no_output=True,)

Parsing input file "/Users/jinningwang/Documents/work/mambaforge/envs/amsre/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ams/cases/5bus/pjm5bus_uced.xlsx"...
Input file parsed in 0.0399 seconds.
Zero line rates detacted in rate_a, rate_b, rate_c, adjusted to 999.
If expect a line outage, please set 'u' to 0.
System set up in 0.0031 seconds.

In [32]:

spc.RTED.init()

<RTED> initialized in 0.0110 seconds.

Out[32]:

True

In [33]:

spc.RTED.set(src='rate_a', attr='v', idx=['Line_2'], value=1.4)

Out[33]:

True

In [34]:

spc.RTED.update('rate_a')

Out[34]:

True

We can inspect the constraints status as follows. All constraints are turned on by default.

In [35]:

spc.RTED.constrs

Out[35]:

OrderedDict([('pglb', Constraint: pglb [ON]),
             ('pgub', Constraint: pgub [ON]),
             ('pb', Constraint: pb [ON]),
             ('plflb', Constraint: plflb [ON]),
             ('plfub', Constraint: plfub [ON]),
             ('alflb', Constraint: alflb [ON]),
             ('alfub', Constraint: alfub [ON]),
             ('rbu', Constraint: rbu [ON]),
             ('rbd', Constraint: rbd [ON]),
             ('rru', Constraint: rru [ON]),
             ('rrd', Constraint: rrd [ON]),
             ('rgu', Constraint: rgu [ON]),
             ('rgd', Constraint: rgd [ON])])

Then, solve the dispatch and inspect the line flow.

In [36]:

spc.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0149 seconds, converged in 12 iterations with ECOS.

Out[36]:

True

In [37]:

spc.RTED.plf.v.round(2)

Out[37]:

array([ 0.71,  0.69,  0.  , -1.59,  0.61, -0.7 ,  0.71])

In the next, we can disable specific constraints, and the parameter name takes both single constraint name or a list of constraint names.

In [38]:

spc.RTED.disable(['plflb', 'plfub'])

Turn off constraints: plflb, plfub

Out[38]:

True

Now, it can be seen that the two constraints are disabled.

In [39]:

spc.RTED.constrs

Out[39]:

OrderedDict([('pglb', Constraint: pglb [ON]),
             ('pgub', Constraint: pgub [ON]),
             ('pb', Constraint: pb [ON]),
             ('plflb', Constraint: plflb [OFF]),
             ('plfub', Constraint: plfub [OFF]),
             ('alflb', Constraint: alflb [ON]),
             ('alfub', Constraint: alfub [ON]),
             ('rbu', Constraint: rbu [ON]),
             ('rbd', Constraint: rbd [ON]),
             ('rru', Constraint: rru [ON]),
             ('rrd', Constraint: rrd [ON]),
             ('rgu', Constraint: rgu [ON]),
             ('rgd', Constraint: rgd [ON])])

In [40]:

spc.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

Disabled constraints: plflb, plfub
<RTED> initialized in 0.0090 seconds.
<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0123 seconds, converged in 11 iterations with ECOS.

Out[40]:

True

We can see that now the line flow limits are not in effect.

In [41]:

spc.RTED.plf.v.round(2)

Out[41]:

array([ 0.71,  0.69,  0.  , -1.59,  0.61, -0.7 ,  0.71])

Similarly, you can also enable the constraints again.

In [42]:

spc.RTED.enable(['plflb', 'plfub'])

Turn on constraints: plflb, plfub

Out[42]:

True

In [43]:

spc.RTED.constrs

Out[43]:

OrderedDict([('pglb', Constraint: pglb [ON]),
             ('pgub', Constraint: pgub [ON]),
             ('pb', Constraint: pb [ON]),
             ('plflb', Constraint: plflb [ON]),
             ('plfub', Constraint: plfub [ON]),
             ('alflb', Constraint: alflb [ON]),
             ('alfub', Constraint: alfub [ON]),
             ('rbu', Constraint: rbu [ON]),
             ('rbd', Constraint: rbd [ON]),
             ('rru', Constraint: rru [ON]),
             ('rrd', Constraint: rrd [ON]),
             ('rgu', Constraint: rgu [ON]),
             ('rgd', Constraint: rgd [ON])])

In [44]:

spc.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> initialized in 0.0092 seconds.
<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0135 seconds, converged in 12 iterations with ECOS.

Out[44]:

True

In [45]:

spc.RTED.plf.v.round(2)

Out[45]:

array([ 0.71,  0.69,  0.  , -1.59,  0.61, -0.7 ,  0.71])

Alternatively, you can also force init the dispatch to rebuild the system matrices, enable all constraints, and re-init the optimization models.

In [46]:

spc.RTED.disable(['plflb', 'plfub', 'rgu', 'rgd'])

Turn off constraints: plflb, plfub, rgu, rgd

Out[46]:

True

In [47]:

spc.RTED.init(force=True)

<RTED> initialized in 0.0104 seconds.

Out[47]:

True

In [48]:

spc.RTED.constrs

Out[48]:

OrderedDict([('pglb', Constraint: pglb [ON]),
             ('pgub', Constraint: pgub [ON]),
             ('pb', Constraint: pb [ON]),
             ('plflb', Constraint: plflb [ON]),
             ('plfub', Constraint: plfub [ON]),
             ('alflb', Constraint: alflb [ON]),
             ('alfub', Constraint: alfub [ON]),
             ('rbu', Constraint: rbu [ON]),
             ('rbd', Constraint: rbd [ON]),
             ('rru', Constraint: rru [ON]),
             ('rrd', Constraint: rrd [ON]),
             ('rgu', Constraint: rgu [ON]),
             ('rgd', Constraint: rgd [ON])])

Alter Config¶

Routines have an config attribute as configuration settings.

In [49]:

spf = ams.load(ams.get_case('5bus/pjm5bus_uced.xlsx'),
               setup=True,
               no_output=True,)

Parsing input file "/Users/jinningwang/Documents/work/mambaforge/envs/amsre/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ams/cases/5bus/pjm5bus_uced.xlsx"...
Input file parsed in 0.0393 seconds.
Zero line rates detacted in rate_a, rate_b, rate_c, adjusted to 999.
If expect a line outage, please set 'u' to 0.
System set up in 0.0021 seconds.

In RTED, the default interval is 5/60 [hour], and the formulations has been adjusted to fit the interval.

In [50]:

spf.RTED.config

Out[50]:

OrderedDict([('t', 0.08333333333333333)])

In [51]:

spf.RTED.run(solver='ECOS')

<RTED> initialized in 0.0104 seconds.
<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0135 seconds, converged in 11 iterations with ECOS.

Out[51]:

True

In [52]:

spf.RTED.obj.v

Out[52]:

0.1953750001176081

We can update the interval to 1 [hour] and re-solve the dispatch.

Note that in this senario, compared to DCOPF, RTED has extra costs for pru and prd.

In [53]:

spf.RTED.config.t = 60/60

Remember to update the parameters after the change.

In [54]:

spf.RTED.update()

<RTED> reinit OModel due to non-parametric change.

Out[54]:

True

In [55]:

spf.RTED.run(solver='SCS')

<RTED> solved as optimal in 0.0183 seconds, converged in 325 iterations with SCS.

Out[55]:

True

We can then get the objective value.

In [56]:

spf.RTED.obj.v

Out[56]:

2.3444999975524086

Note that in this build-in case, the cru and crd are defined as zero.

In [57]:

spf.RTED.cru.v

Out[57]:

array([0., 0., 0., 0.])

In [58]:

spf.RTED.crd.v

Out[58]:

array([0., 0., 0., 0.])

As benchmark, we can solve the DCOPF.

In [59]:

spf.DCOPF.run(solver='SCS')

<DCOPF> initialized in 0.0054 seconds.
<DCOPF> solved as optimal in 0.0591 seconds, converged in 225 iterations with SCS.

Out[59]:

True

As expected, the DCOPF has a similar objective value.

In [60]:

spf.DCOPF.obj.v

Out[60]:

2.3445094955495382