Dot Plots¶

Preparation¶

In [1]:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

from lets_plot import *
from lets_plot.mapping import as_discrete
LetsPlot.setup_html()

In [2]:

def plot_matrix(plots=[], width=500, height=375, columns=2):
    bunch = GGBunch()
    for i in range(len(plots)):
        row = int(i / columns)
        column = i % columns
        bunch.add_plot(plots[i], column * width, row * height, width, height)
    return bunch.show()

In [3]:

df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JetBrains/lets-plot-docs/master/data/mpg.csv")
df = df.drop(columns=["Unnamed: 0"])
df = df.sample(n=50, random_state=42, ignore_index=True)
df.head()

Out[3]:

	manufacturer	model	displ	year	cyl	trans	drv	cty	hwy	fl	class
0	dodge	ram 1500 pickup 4wd	4.7	2008	8	manual(m6)	4	9	12	e	pickup
1	toyota	toyota tacoma 4wd	4.0	2008	6	auto(l5)	4	16	20	r	pickup
2	toyota	camry	2.2	1999	4	auto(l4)	f	21	27	r	midsize
3	audi	a4 quattro	2.0	2008	4	manual(m6)	4	20	28	p	compact
4	jeep	grand cherokee 4wd	4.7	2008	8	auto(l5)	4	14	19	r	suv

In [4]:

DEF_BIN_COUNT = 15

def get_binwidth(df, column, binwidth_ratio=1.0/DEF_BIN_COUNT):
    return binwidth_ratio * (df[column].max() - df[column].min())

def get_bincount(df, column, binwidth):
    return int(round((df[column].max() - df[column].min()) / binwidth))

nice_binwidth = round(get_binwidth(df, "hwy"), 3)
print("Nice binwidth value for examples: {0}".format(nice_binwidth))

Nice binwidth value for examples: 1.667

Default¶

In [5]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + geom_dotplot() + ggtitle("geom_dotplot() example")

Out[5]:

In [6]:

ggplot(df, aes(y="hwy")) + geom_ydotplot() + ggtitle("geom_ydotplot() example")

Out[6]:

Comparison of stats and geoms¶

In [7]:

PACIFIC_BLUE = '#118ed8'

In [8]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + \
    geom_area(stat='density', fill=PACIFIC_BLUE) + \
    geom_dotplot(binwidth=nice_binwidth, color=PACIFIC_BLUE, fill='white') + \
    ggtitle("density + dotplot (method='dotdensity')")

Out[8]:

In [9]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + \
    geom_histogram(binwidth=nice_binwidth, color='white') + \
    geom_dotplot(binwidth=nice_binwidth, method='histodot', \
                 color=PACIFIC_BLUE, fill='white') + \
    coord_fixed(ratio=nice_binwidth) + \
    ggtitle("histogram + dotplot (method='histodot')")

Out[9]:

In [10]:

ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy")) + \
    geom_violin(fill=PACIFIC_BLUE, size=0) + \
    geom_ydotplot(binwidth=nice_binwidth, stackratio=.5, \
                  color=PACIFIC_BLUE, fill='white') + \
    ggtitle("violin + ydotplot (method='dotdensity')")

Out[10]:

Parameters¶

`binwidth`¶

In [11]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot() + ggtitle("Default binwidth")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(binwidth=nice_binwidth) + ggtitle("binwidth={0}".format(nice_binwidth))

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

In [12]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot() + ggtitle("Default binwidth")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(binwidth=nice_binwidth) + ggtitle("binwidth={0}".format(nice_binwidth))

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

`stackdir`¶

In [13]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot(stackdir='up') + ggtitle("stackdir='up' (default)")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(stackdir='down') + ggtitle("stackdir='down'")
p3 = p + geom_dotplot(stackdir='center') + ggtitle("stackdir='center'")
p4 = p + geom_dotplot(stackdir='centerwhole') + ggtitle("stackdir='centerwhole'")

plot_matrix([p1, p2, p3, p4])

In [14]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot(stackdir='left') + \
    ggtitle("stackdir='left'")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(stackdir='right') + \
    ggtitle("stackdir='right'")
p3 = p + geom_ydotplot(stackdir='center') + \
    ggtitle("stackdir='center' (default)")
p4 = p + geom_ydotplot(stackdir='centerwhole') + \
    ggtitle("stackdir='centerwhole'")

plot_matrix([p1, p2, p3, p4])

`stackratio`¶

In [15]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot() + ggtitle("stackratio=1.0 (default)")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(stackratio=0.5) + ggtitle("stackratio=0.5")
p3 = p + geom_dotplot(stackratio=1.5) + ggtitle("stackratio=1.5")

plot_matrix([p1, p2, p3])

In [16]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot() + ggtitle("stackratio=1.0 (default)")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(stackratio=0.5) + ggtitle("stackratio=0.5")
p3 = p + geom_ydotplot(stackratio=1.5) + ggtitle("stackratio=1.5")

plot_matrix([p1, p2, p3])

`dotsize`¶

In [17]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot() + ggtitle("dotsize=1.0 (default)")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(dotsize=0.5) + ggtitle("dotsize=0.5")
p3 = p + geom_dotplot(dotsize=1.5) + ggtitle("dotsize=1.5")

plot_matrix([p1, p2, p3])

In [18]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot() + ggtitle("dotsize=1.0 (default)")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(dotsize=0.5) + ggtitle("dotsize=0.5")
p3 = p + geom_ydotplot(dotsize=1.5) + ggtitle("dotsize=1.5")

plot_matrix([p1, p2, p3])

`center`¶

In [19]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot(method='histodot') + ggtitle("Default")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(method='histodot', center=12.0) + ggtitle("center=12.0")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

In [20]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot(method='histodot') + ggtitle("Default")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(method='histodot', center=12.0) + ggtitle("center=12.0")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

`boundary`¶

In [21]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot(method='histodot') + ggtitle("Default")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(method='histodot', boundary=11.0) + ggtitle("boundary=11.0")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

In [22]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot(method='histodot') + ggtitle("Default")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(method='histodot', boundary=11.0) + ggtitle("boundary=11.0")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

`bins`¶

In [23]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot(method='histodot') + ggtitle("Default")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(method='histodot', bins=20) + ggtitle("bins=20")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

In [24]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot(method='histodot') + ggtitle("Default")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(method='histodot', bins=20) + ggtitle("bins=20")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

Grouping¶

In [25]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + \
    geom_dotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("drv")), color='black') + \
    ggtitle("method='dotdensity'")

Out[25]:

In [26]:

p = ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_dotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("drv")), method='histodot', color='black') + \
    ggtitle("method='histodot', stackgroups=False (default)")
p2 = p + geom_dotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("drv")), method='histodot', \
                      stackgroups=True, color='black') + \
    ggtitle("method='histodot', stackgroups=True")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

In [27]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("year")), color='black') + \
    ggtitle("method='dotdensity', stackgroups=False (default)")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("year")), stackgroups=True, color='black') + \
    ggtitle("method='dotdensity', stackgroups=True")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

In [28]:

p = ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy"))
p1 = p + geom_ydotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("year")), \
                       method='histodot', color='black') + \
    ggtitle("method='histodot', stackgroups=False (default)")
p2 = p + geom_ydotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("year")), \
                       method='histodot', stackgroups=True, color='black') + \
    ggtitle("method='histodot', stackgroups=True")

plot_matrix([p1, p2])

Tooltips¶

In [29]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + \
    geom_dotplot(tooltips=layer_tooltips().line("Stack center|^x")\
                                          .line("Number of dots in stack|@..count..")\
                                          .format('@..binwidth..', ".3f")\
                                          .line("Width of the bin|@..binwidth..")) + \
    ggtitle("With tooltips")

Out[29]:

In [30]:

ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy")) + \
    geom_ydotplot(tooltips=layer_tooltips().line("^x")\
                                           .line("Stack center|^y")\
                                           .line("Number of dots in stack|@..count..")\
                                           .format('@..binwidth..', ".3f")\
                                           .line("Width of the bin|@..binwidth..")) + \
    ggtitle("With tooltips")

Out[30]:

Facetting¶

In [31]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + \
    geom_dotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("year")), color='black') + \
    facet_grid(x="year") + \
    ggtitle("facet_grid()")

Out[31]:

In [32]:

ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy")) + \
    geom_ydotplot(aes(fill="drv"), color='black') + \
    facet_grid(x="year") + \
    ggtitle("facet_grid()")

Out[32]:

Flip coordinates¶

In [33]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + \
    geom_dotplot() + \
    coord_flip() + \
    ggtitle("Flip coordinates")

Out[33]:

In [34]:

ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy")) + \
    geom_ydotplot(aes(fill="drv"), color='black') + \
    coord_flip() + \
    ggtitle("Flip coordinates")

Out[34]:

"identity" statistic¶

In [35]:

dp_identity_df = pd.DataFrame(list(zip(*np.histogram(df.hwy, bins=DEF_BIN_COUNT))), columns=["count", "hwy"])
dp_identity_df['binwidth'] = [nice_binwidth] * dp_identity_df.shape[0]
dp_identity_df.head()

Out[35]:

	count	hwy	binwidth
0	1	12.000000	1.667
1	2	13.666667	1.667
2	1	15.333333	1.667
3	8	17.000000	1.667
4	7	18.666667	1.667

In [36]:

ggplot(dp_identity_df, aes(x="hwy", stacksize="count", binwidth="binwidth")) + \
    geom_dotplot(stat='identity') + \
    ggtitle("stat='identity'")

Out[36]:

In [37]:

ydp_identity_df = pd.concat([
    pd.DataFrame(
        list(zip(*np.histogram(df[df.drv == drv].hwy, bins=get_bincount(df[df.drv == drv], "hwy", nice_binwidth)))),
        columns=["count", "hwy"]
    ).assign(
        drv = [drv] * get_bincount(df[df.drv == drv], "hwy", nice_binwidth),
        binwidth = [nice_binwidth] * get_bincount(df[df.drv == drv], "hwy", nice_binwidth),
    )
    for drv in df.drv.unique()
])
ydp_identity_df.head()

Out[37]:

	count	hwy	drv	binwidth
0	1	12.0	4	1.667
1	1	13.6	4	1.667
2	1	15.2	4	1.667
3	8	16.8	4	1.667
4	2	18.4	4	1.667

In [38]:

ggplot(ydp_identity_df, aes("drv", "hwy", stacksize="count", binwidth="binwidth")) + \
    geom_ydotplot(aes(fill="drv"), stat='identity', stackratio=.75, color="black") + \
    ggtitle("stat='identity'")

Out[38]:

Other layers¶

In [39]:

ggplot(df, aes(x="hwy")) + \
    geom_dotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("year")), method='histodot', \
                 bins=15, stackdir='centerwhole', \
                 stackratio=.75, dotsize=.75, \
                 color='black', alpha=.5, size=1) + \
    scale_fill_brewer(type='qual', palette='Set1') + \
    theme_grey() + \
    ggtitle("Some additional aesthetics, parameters and layers")

Out[39]:

In [40]:

ggplot(df, aes("drv", "hwy")) + \
    geom_ydotplot(aes(fill=as_discrete("drv")), method='histodot', \
                  bins=15, stackdir='center', stackratio=.75, \
                  color='black', alpha=.5, size=1) + \
    scale_fill_brewer(type='qual', palette='Set1') + \
    theme_grey() + \
    ggtitle("Some additional aesthetics, parameters and layers")

Out[40]: