Notebook

Line Modeling simulation with PowerSimulationsDynamics.jl

Originally Contributed by: José Daniel Lara

Introduction¶

This tutorial will introduce the modeling of an inverter with Virtual Innertia in a multi-machine model of the system. We will load the data directly from PSS/e dynamic files

The tutorial uses a modified 14-bus system on which all the synchronous machines have been substitued by generators with ESAC1A AVR's and no Turbine Governors.

In the first portion of the tutorial we will simulate the system with the original data and cause a line trip between Buses 2 and 4. In the second part of the simulation, we will switch generator 6 with a battery using an inverter and perform the same fault.

Load the packages

In [1]:

using SIIPExamples # Only needed for the tutorial, comment if you want to run
import DisplayAs # Only needed for the tutorial
using PowerSimulationsDynamics
PSID = PowerSimulationsDynamics
using PowerSystems
using Logging
using Sundials
using Plots
gr()

Out[1]:

Plots.GRBackend()

Create the system

In [2]:

file_dir = joinpath(
    dirname(dirname(pathof(SIIPExamples))),
    "script",
    "4_PowerSimulationsDynamics_examples",
    "Data",
)

sys = System(joinpath(file_dir, "14bus.raw"), joinpath(file_dir, "dyn_data.dyr"))

[ Info: The PSS(R)E parser currently supports buses, loads, shunts, generators, branches, transformers, and dc lines
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 4 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 1 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 12 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 20 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 2 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 6 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 11 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 13 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 5 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 15 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 16 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 14 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 7 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 8 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 17 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 10 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 19 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 9 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 18 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 3 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 4 to 651.7693
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 1 to 1943.3753
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 12 to 1340.1421
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 20 to 686.916
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 2 to 527.2551
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 6 to 658.7239
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 11 to 1099.9023
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 13 to 404.9974
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 5 to 661.3166
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 15 to 406.1471
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 16 to 312.073
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 14 to 579.3328
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 7 to 2739.0808
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 8 to 548.9677
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 17 to 578.6164
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 10 to 828.1844
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 19 to 480.1216
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 9 to 426.3491
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 18 to 217.5559
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 3 to 594.6825
┌ Info: Constructing System from Power Models
│   data["name"] = "14bus"
└   data["source_type"] = "pti"
[ Info: Reading bus data
[ Info: Reading generator data
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -399.96
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-6-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-6-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 06 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.15
│       reactive_power: 0.14800000000000002
│       rating: 99.99028802838804
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.06, max = 0.24)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 25.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.12))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -16.258536585365853
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-1-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-1-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 01 (Bus)
│       active_power: 1.9333000000000002
│       reactive_power: 0.01121
│       rating: 100.48880584423323
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -10.0, max = 10.0)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 615.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.23))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -399.96
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-8-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-8-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 08 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.1
│       reactive_power: 0.22292
│       rating: 99.99028802838804
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.06, max = 0.24)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 25.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.12))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-2-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-2-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 02 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.3
│       reactive_power: 0.27015999999999996
│       rating: 99.99125011719775
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.4, max = 0.5)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.13))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-3-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-3-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 03 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.2
│       reactive_power: 0.21719000000000002
│       rating: 99.99080007680706
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = 0.0, max = 0.4)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.13))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
[ Info: Reading branch data
┌ Warning: Rate 651.77 MW for BUS 02-BUS 04-i_4 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1943.38 MW for BUS 01-BUS 02-i_1 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1340.14 MW for BUS 09-BUS 10-i_12 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 527.26 MW for BUS 01-BUS 05-i_2 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 658.72 MW for BUS 03-BUS 04-i_6 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1099.9 MW for BUS 07-BUS 09-i_11 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 405.0 MW for BUS 09-BUS 14-i_13 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 661.32 MW for BUS 02-BUS 05-i_5 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 406.15 MW for BUS 12-BUS 13-i_15 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 312.07 MW for BUS 13-BUS 14-i_16 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 579.33 MW for BUS 10-BUS 11-i_14 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 2739.08 MW for BUS 04-BUS 05-i_7 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 548.97 MW for BUS 06-BUS 11-i_8 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 828.18 MW for BUS 06-BUS 13-i_10 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 426.35 MW for BUS 06-BUS 12-i_9 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 594.68 MW for BUS 02-BUS 03-i_3 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
[ Info: Reading branch data
[ Info: Reading DC Line data
[ Info: Reading storage data
[ Info: Generators provided in .dyr, without a generator in .raw file will be skipped.
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51

Out[2]:

System

Base Power: 100.0

Components

Num components: 77

11 rows × 3 columns (omitted printing of 1 columns)

	ConcreteType	SuperTypes
	String	String
1	Arc	Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
2	Area	AggregationTopology <: Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
3	Bus	Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
4	DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,GasTG,PSSFixed}	DynamicInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
5	DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed}	DynamicInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
6	Line	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
7	LoadZone	AggregationTopology <: Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
8	PowerLoad	StaticLoad <: ElectricLoad <: StaticInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
9	TapTransformer	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
10	ThermalStandard	ThermalGen <: Generator <: StaticInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
11	Transformer2W	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any

TimeSeriesContainer

Components with time series data: 0

Total StaticTimeSeries: 0

Total Forecasts: 0

Resolution: 0 seconds

Define Simulation Problem with a 20 second simulation period and the branch trip at t = 1.0

In [3]:

sim = PSID.Simulation(
    file_dir,       #path for the simulation output
    sys,         #system
    (0.0, 20.0), #time span
    BranchTrip(1.0, "BUS 02-BUS 04-i_4");
    console_level = Logging.Info,
)

[ Info: Serialized time series data to /var/folders/27/2jr8c7gn4j72fvrg4qt81zrw8w_711/T/jl_Ynz8dS/sys_time_series_storage.h5.
[ Info: Serialized System to /var/folders/27/2jr8c7gn4j72fvrg4qt81zrw8w_711/T/jl_Ynz8dS/sys.json
[ Info: Loaded time series from storage file existing=sys_time_series_storage.h5 new=/var/folders/27/2jr8c7gn4j72fvrg4qt81zrw8w_711/T/jl_39VPVV
┌ Warning: Rate 2739.08 MW for BUS 04-BUS 05-i_7 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 406.15 MW for BUS 12-BUS 13-i_15 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 661.32 MW for BUS 02-BUS 05-i_5 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 527.26 MW for BUS 01-BUS 05-i_2 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 579.33 MW for BUS 10-BUS 11-i_14 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 828.18 MW for BUS 06-BUS 13-i_10 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 405.0 MW for BUS 09-BUS 14-i_13 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 594.68 MW for BUS 02-BUS 03-i_3 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 548.97 MW for BUS 06-BUS 11-i_8 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 651.77 MW for BUS 02-BUS 04-i_4 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 658.72 MW for BUS 03-BUS 04-i_6 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 312.07 MW for BUS 13-BUS 14-i_16 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 426.35 MW for BUS 06-BUS 12-i_9 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1340.14 MW for BUS 09-BUS 10-i_12 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1099.9 MW for BUS 07-BUS 09-i_11 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1943.38 MW for BUS 01-BUS 02-i_1 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-3-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-3-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 03 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.2
│       reactive_power: 0.21719000000000002
│       rating: 99.99080007680706
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = 0.0, max = 0.4)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-3-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.13,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -399.96
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-8-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-8-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 08 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.1
│       reactive_power: 0.22292
│       rating: 99.99028802838804
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.06, max = 0.24)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 25.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-8-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.12,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -16.258536585365853
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-1-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-1-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 01 (Bus)
│       active_power: 1.9333000000000002
│       reactive_power: 0.01121
│       rating: 100.48880584423323
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -10.0, max = 10.0)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 615.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-1-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,GasTG,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.23,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-2-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-2-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 02 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.3
│       reactive_power: 0.27015999999999996
│       rating: 99.99125011719775
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.4, max = 0.5)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-2-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.13,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -399.96
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-6-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-6-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 06 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.15
│       reactive_power: 0.14800000000000002
│       rating: 99.99028802838804
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.06, max = 0.24)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 25.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-6-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.12,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: Initializing Simulation States
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: PowerFlow solve converged, the results have been stored in the system
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
[ Info: Attaching Perturbations
[ Info: Completed Build Successfully. Simulations status = BUILT

Out[3]:

Simulation()

Now that the system is initialized, we can verify the system states for potential issues.

In [4]:

print_device_states(sim)

Voltage Variables
====================
BUS 01
====================
Vm 1.06
θ 0.0
====================
BUS 02
====================
Vm 1.04
θ -0.0711
====================
BUS 03
====================
Vm 1.01
θ -0.1787
====================
BUS 04
====================
Vm 1.0129
θ -0.1458
====================
BUS 05
====================
Vm 1.0165
θ -0.1235
====================
BUS 06
====================
Vm 1.06
θ -0.1949
====================
BUS 07
====================
Vm 1.0438
θ -0.1812
====================
BUS 08
====================
Vm 1.08
θ -0.1656
====================
BUS 09
====================
Vm 1.0263
θ -0.2102
====================
BUS 10
====================
Vm 1.0245
θ -0.2125
====================
BUS 11
====================
Vm 1.0384
θ -0.2059
====================
BUS 12
====================
Vm 1.0436
θ -0.2105
====================
BUS 13
====================
Vm 1.0372
θ -0.2119
====================
BUS 14
====================
Vm 1.0126
θ -0.2291
====================
====================
Differential States
generator-1-1
====================
eq_p 1.0604
ed_p -0.0111
ψ_kd 1.0563
ψ_kq 0.1134
δ 0.1684
ω 1.0
Vm 1.06
Vr1 0.0049
Vr2 1.951
Ve 1.4049
Vr3 -0.0585
x_g1 0.3144
x_g2 0.3144
x_g3 0.3144
====================
Differential States
generator-3-1
====================
eq_p 1.0649
ed_p 0.1243
ψ_kd 0.9872
ψ_kq 0.2132
δ 0.034
ω 1.0
Vm 1.01
Vr1 0.006
Vr2 2.419
Ve 1.791
Vr3 -0.0726
====================
Differential States
generator-8-1
====================
eq_p 1.2657
ed_p 0.0462
ψ_kd 1.1584
ψ_kq 0.1748
δ 0.019
ω 1.0
Vm 1.08
Vr1 0.0097
Vr2 3.9162
Ve 2.8839
Vr3 -0.1175
====================
Differential States
generator-2-1
====================
eq_p 1.1038
ed_p 0.1491
ψ_kd 1.003
ψ_kq 0.2748
δ 0.1963
ω 1.0
Vm 1.04
Vr1 0.0071
Vr2 2.8613
Ve 2.1338
Vr3 -0.0858
====================
Differential States
generator-6-1
====================
eq_p 1.167
ed_p 0.0955
ψ_kd 1.08
ψ_kq 0.3084
δ 0.1387
ω 1.0
Vm 1.06
Vr1 0.0082
Vr2 3.2875
Ve 2.4472
Vr3 -0.0986
====================

We execute the simulation with an additional tolerance for the solver set at 1e-8.

In [5]:

PSID.execute!(sim, IDA(); abstol = 1e-8)

Using PowerSimulationsDynamics tools for exploring the results, we can plot all the voltage results for the buses

In [6]:

p = plot()
for b in get_components(Bus, sys)
    voltage_series = get_voltagemag_series(sim, get_number(b))
    plot!(
        p,
        voltage_series;
        xlabel = "Time",
        ylabel = "Voltage Magnitude [pu]",
        label = "Bus - $(get_name(b))",
    )
end
img = DisplayAs.PNG(p) # This line is only needed because of literate use display(p) when running locally

Out[6]:

We can also explore the frequency of the different generators

In [7]:

p2 = plot()
for g in get_components(ThermalStandard, sys)
    state_series = get_state_series(sim, (get_name(g), :ω))
    plot!(
        p2,
        state_series;
        xlabel = "Time",
        ylabel = "Speed [pu]",
        label = "$(get_name(g)) - ω",
    )
end
img = DisplayAs.PNG(p2) # This line is only needed because of literate use display(p2) when running locally

Out[7]:

It is also possible to explore the small signal stability of this system we created. However, Since a simulation has already taken place, we need to reset the model.

In [8]:

res = small_signal_analysis(sim; reset_simulation = true)

[ Info: Rebuilding the simulation after reset
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: Initializing Simulation States
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: PowerFlow solve converged, the results have been stored in the system
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
[ Info: Attaching Perturbations
[ Info: Completed Build Successfully. Simulations status = BUILT
[ Info: Simulation reset to status BUILT
┌ Warning: No Infinite Bus found. Confirm stability directly checking eigenvalues.
│ If all eigenvalues are on the left-half plane and only one eigenvalue is zero, the system is small signal stable.
└ @ PowerSimulationsDynamics ~/.julia/packages/PowerSimulationsDynamics/HqcnV/src/base/small_signal.jl:89
┌ Info: Eigenvalues are:
│ -1000.0000000000014 + 0.0im
│ -1000.0000000000009 + 0.0im
│ -1000.0000000000002 + 0.0im
│ -999.9999999999998 + 0.0im
│ -999.9999999999994 + 0.0im
│ -51.807502094887305 + 0.0im
│ -51.66123303723068 + 0.0im
│ -51.49196116847845 + 0.0im
│ -51.48204797296263 + 0.0im
│ -51.38460395958913 + 0.0im
│ -43.606770822347016 + 0.0im
│ -36.89352970900156 + 0.0im
│ -33.31097212895758 + 0.0im
│ -30.40864223348849 + 0.0im
│ -28.01655761625278 + 0.0im
│ -23.88123468187301 + 0.0im
│ -20.770613941795236 + 0.0im
│ -18.298812818468587 + 0.0im
│ -15.817280799219855 + 0.0im
│ -12.4535351731598 + 0.0im
│ -7.386324091020085 + 0.0im
│ -6.703133543800532 + 0.0im
│ -5.276882204482481 + 0.0im
│ -4.5126237915183145 + 0.0im
│ -4.473060547983035 - 10.72465167518535im
│ -4.473060547983035 + 10.72465167518535im
│ -3.7758166100050334 - 10.229252854125122im
│ -3.7758166100050334 + 10.229252854125122im
│ -3.742914873327555 - 9.915880591116311im
│ -3.742914873327555 + 9.915880591116311im
│ -2.6700435249538588 - 8.718145502364601im
│ -2.6700435249538588 + 8.718145502364601im
│ -2.413324071441693 - 7.998019427009456im
│ -2.413324071441693 + 7.998019427009456im
│ -2.3466700384540498 - 8.544936857679344im
│ -2.3466700384540498 + 8.544936857679344im
│ -2.2736098985790534 - 8.930102316891308im
│ -2.2736098985790534 + 8.930102316891308im
│ -1.921996374355548 + 0.0im
│ -1.6595628314344688 + 0.0im
│ -1.568604674011719 - 1.9420692161219602im
│ -1.568604674011719 + 1.9420692161219602im
│ -1.304344028522091 - 8.826562169098914im
│ -1.304344028522091 + 8.826562169098914im
│ -1.2863044260315994 + 0.0im
│ -1.189196636506337 - 0.12712066641976974im
│ -1.189196636506337 + 0.12712066641976974im
│ -0.9782745903713628 - 0.06936177246604834im
│ -0.9782745903713628 + 0.06936177246604834im
│ -0.8488982894117668 - 0.498701658187088im
│ -0.8488982894117668 + 0.498701658187088im
│ -0.6457299452858358 - 0.19425247186886496im
│ -0.6457299452858358 + 0.19425247186886496im
│ -0.49499928165816176 + 0.0im
│ -0.4167034353505496 + 0.0im
│ -0.33954022474042556 - 7.568615170969771im
│ -0.33954022474042556 + 7.568615170969771im
└ 0.0 + 0.0im

Out[8]:

The system is small signal stable

The eigenvalues can be explored visually

In [9]:

scatter(res.eigenvalues; legend = false)

Out[9]:

Modifiying the system and adding storage¶

Reload the system for this example

In [10]:

sys = System(joinpath(file_dir, "14bus.raw"), joinpath(file_dir, "dyn_data.dyr"))

[ Info: The PSS(R)E parser currently supports buses, loads, shunts, generators, branches, transformers, and dc lines
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in GENERATOR are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4, WMOD, WPF
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: The following fields in BRANCH are missing: O2, F2, O3, F3, O4, F4
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 4 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 1 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 12 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 20 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 2 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 6 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 11 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 13 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 5 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 15 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 16 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 14 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 7 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 8 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 17 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 10 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 19 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 9 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 18 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: angmin and angmax values are 0, widening these values on branch 3 to +/- 60.0 deg.
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 4 to 651.7693
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 1 to 1943.3753
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 12 to 1340.1421
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 20 to 686.916
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 2 to 527.2551
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 6 to 658.7239
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 11 to 1099.9023
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 13 to 404.9974
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 5 to 661.3166
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 15 to 406.1471
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 16 to 312.073
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 14 to 579.3328
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 7 to 2739.0808
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 8 to 548.9677
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 17 to 578.6164
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 10 to 828.1844
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 19 to 480.1216
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 9 to 426.3491
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 18 to 217.5559
[ Info: this code only supports positive rate_a values, changing the value on branch 3 to 594.6825
┌ Info: Constructing System from Power Models
│   data["name"] = "14bus"
└   data["source_type"] = "pti"
[ Info: Reading bus data
[ Info: Reading generator data
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -399.96
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-6-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-6-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 06 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.15
│       reactive_power: 0.14800000000000002
│       rating: 99.99028802838804
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.06, max = 0.24)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 25.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.12))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -16.258536585365853
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-1-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-1-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 01 (Bus)
│       active_power: 1.9333000000000002
│       reactive_power: 0.01121
│       rating: 100.48880584423323
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -10.0, max = 10.0)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 615.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.23))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -399.96
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-8-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-8-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 08 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.1
│       reactive_power: 0.22292
│       rating: 99.99028802838804
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.06, max = 0.24)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 25.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.12))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-2-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-2-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 02 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.3
│       reactive_power: 0.27015999999999996
│       rating: 99.99125011719775
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.4, max = 0.5)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.13))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-3-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-3-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 03 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.2
│       reactive_power: 0.21719000000000002
│       rating: 99.99080007680706
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = 0.0, max = 0.4)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: nothing
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => (r = 0.0, x = 0.13))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
[ Info: Reading branch data
┌ Warning: Rate 651.77 MW for BUS 02-BUS 04-i_4 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1943.38 MW for BUS 01-BUS 02-i_1 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1340.14 MW for BUS 09-BUS 10-i_12 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 527.26 MW for BUS 01-BUS 05-i_2 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 658.72 MW for BUS 03-BUS 04-i_6 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1099.9 MW for BUS 07-BUS 09-i_11 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 405.0 MW for BUS 09-BUS 14-i_13 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 661.32 MW for BUS 02-BUS 05-i_5 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 406.15 MW for BUS 12-BUS 13-i_15 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 312.07 MW for BUS 13-BUS 14-i_16 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 579.33 MW for BUS 10-BUS 11-i_14 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 2739.08 MW for BUS 04-BUS 05-i_7 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 548.97 MW for BUS 06-BUS 11-i_8 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 828.18 MW for BUS 06-BUS 13-i_10 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 426.35 MW for BUS 06-BUS 12-i_9 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 594.68 MW for BUS 02-BUS 03-i_3 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
[ Info: Reading branch data
[ Info: Reading DC Line data
[ Info: Reading storage data
[ Info: Generators provided in .dyr, without a generator in .raw file will be skipped.
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51

Out[10]:

System

Base Power: 100.0

Components

Num components: 77

11 rows × 3 columns (omitted printing of 1 columns)

	ConcreteType	SuperTypes
	String	String
1	Arc	Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
2	Area	AggregationTopology <: Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
3	Bus	Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
4	DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,GasTG,PSSFixed}	DynamicInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
5	DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed}	DynamicInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
6	Line	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
7	LoadZone	AggregationTopology <: Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
8	PowerLoad	StaticLoad <: ElectricLoad <: StaticInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
9	TapTransformer	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
10	ThermalStandard	ThermalGen <: Generator <: StaticInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
11	Transformer2W	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any

TimeSeriesContainer

Components with time series data: 0

Total StaticTimeSeries: 0

Total Forecasts: 0

Resolution: 0 seconds

We want to remove the generator 6 and the dynamic component attached to it.

In [11]:

thermal_gen = get_component(ThermalStandard, sys, "generator-6-1")
remove_component!(sys, get_dynamic_injector(thermal_gen))
remove_component!(sys, thermal_gen)

We can now define our storage device and add it to the system

In [12]:

storage = GenericBattery(
    name = "Battery",
    bus = get_component(Bus, sys, "BUS 06"),
    available = true,
    prime_mover = PrimeMovers.BA,
    active_power = 0.6,
    reactive_power = 0.16,
    rating = 1.1,
    base_power = 25.0,
    initial_energy = 50.0,
    state_of_charge_limits = (min = 5.0, max = 100.0),
    input_active_power_limits = (min = 0.0, max = 1.0),
    output_active_power_limits = (min = 0.0, max = 1.0),
    reactive_power_limits = (min = -1.0, max = 1.0),
    efficiency = (in = 0.80, out = 0.90),
)

add_component!(sys, storage)

A good sanity check it running a power flow on the system to make sure all the components are properly scaled and that the system is properly balanced. We can use PowerSystems to perform this check. We can get the results back and perform a sanity check

In [13]:

res = solve_powerflow(sys)
res["bus_results"]

[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: PowerFlow solve converged, the results are exported in DataFrames
[ Info: Voltages are exported in pu. Powers are exported in MW/MVAr.
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0

Out[13]:

14 rows × 9 columns

	bus_number	Vm	θ	P_gen	P_load	P_net	Q_gen	Q_load	Q_net
	Int64	Float64	Float64	Float64	Float64	Float64	Float64	Float64	Float64
1	1	1.06	0.0	193.33	0.0	193.33	1.12086	0.0	1.12086
2	2	1.04	-0.0711029	30.0	21.7	8.3	27.0157	12.7	14.3157
3	3	1.01	-0.178704	20.0	94.2	-74.2	21.719	19.0	2.71896
4	4	1.01285	-0.145825	0.0	47.8	-47.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
5	5	1.01648	-0.123536	0.0	7.6	-7.6	0.0	1.6	-1.6
6	6	1.06	-0.194906	15.0	11.2	3.8	14.8004	7.5	7.3004
7	7	1.04377	-0.181188	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
8	8	1.08	-0.165561	10.0	0.0	10.0	22.2916	0.0	22.2916
9	9	1.02628	-0.210231	0.0	29.5	-29.5	0.0	16.6	-16.6
10	10	1.02453	-0.212546	0.0	9.0	-9.0	0.0	5.8	-5.8
11	11	1.03837	-0.205887	0.0	3.5	-3.5	0.0	1.8	-1.8
12	12	1.04362	-0.210542	0.0	6.1	-6.1	0.0	1.6	-1.6
13	13	1.03723	-0.211859	0.0	13.5	-13.5	0.0	5.8	-5.8
14	14	1.01263	-0.229125	0.0	14.9	-14.9	0.0	5.0	-5.0

After verifying that the system works, we can define our inverter dynamics and add it to the battery that has already been stored in the system.

In [14]:

inverter = DynamicInverter(
    name = get_name(storage),
    ω_ref = 1.0, # ω_ref,
    converter = AverageConverter(rated_voltage = 138.0, rated_current = 100.0),
    outer_control = OuterControl(
        VirtualInertia(Ta = 2.0, kd = 400.0, kω = 20.0),
        ReactivePowerDroop(kq = 0.2, ωf = 1000.0),
    ),
    inner_control = CurrentControl(
        kpv = 0.59,     #Voltage controller proportional gain
        kiv = 736.0,    #Voltage controller integral gain
        kffv = 0.0,     #Binary variable enabling the voltage feed-forward in output of current controllers
        rv = 0.0,       #Virtual resistance in pu
        lv = 0.2,       #Virtual inductance in pu
        kpc = 1.27,     #Current controller proportional gain
        kic = 14.3,     #Current controller integral gain
        kffi = 0.0,     #Binary variable enabling the current feed-forward in output of current controllers
        ωad = 50.0,     #Active damping low pass filter cut-off frequency
        kad = 0.2,
    ),
    dc_source = FixedDCSource(voltage = 600.0),
    freq_estimator = KauraPLL(
        ω_lp = 500.0, #Cut-off frequency for LowPass filter of PLL filter.
        kp_pll = 0.084,  #PLL proportional gain
        ki_pll = 4.69,   #PLL integral gain
    ),
    filter = LCLFilter(lf = 0.08, rf = 0.003, cf = 0.074, lg = 0.2, rg = 0.01),
)
add_component!(sys, inverter, storage)

┌ Warning: struct DynamicInverter does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51

These are the current system components:

In [15]:

sys

Out[15]:

System

Base Power: 100.0

Components

Num components: 77

13 rows × 3 columns (omitted printing of 1 columns)

	ConcreteType	SuperTypes
	String	String
1	Arc	Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
2	Area	AggregationTopology <: Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
3	Bus	Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
4	DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,GasTG,PSSFixed}	DynamicInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
5	DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed}	DynamicInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
6	DynamicInverter{AverageConverter,OuterControl{VirtualInertia,ReactivePowerDroop},CurrentControl,FixedDCSource,KauraPLL,LCLFilter}	DynamicInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
7	GenericBattery	Storage <: StaticInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
8	Line	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
9	LoadZone	AggregationTopology <: Topology <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
10	PowerLoad	StaticLoad <: ElectricLoad <: StaticInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
11	TapTransformer	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
12	ThermalStandard	ThermalGen <: Generator <: StaticInjection <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any
13	Transformer2W	ACBranch <: Branch <: Device <: Component <: InfrastructureSystemsComponent <: InfrastructureSystemsType <: Any

TimeSeriesContainer

Components with time series data: 0

Total StaticTimeSeries: 0

Total Forecasts: 0

Resolution: 0 seconds

Define Simulation problem using the same parameters:

In [16]:

sim = PSID.Simulation(
    file_dir,       #path for the simulation output
    sys,         #system
    (0.0, 20.0), #time span
    BranchTrip(1.0, "BUS 02-BUS 04-i_4");
    console_level = Logging.Info,
)

[ Info: Serialized time series data to /var/folders/27/2jr8c7gn4j72fvrg4qt81zrw8w_711/T/jl_zMinxm/sys_time_series_storage.h5.
[ Info: Serialized System to /var/folders/27/2jr8c7gn4j72fvrg4qt81zrw8w_711/T/jl_zMinxm/sys.json
[ Info: Loaded time series from storage file existing=sys_time_series_storage.h5 new=/var/folders/27/2jr8c7gn4j72fvrg4qt81zrw8w_711/T/jl_uPswqc
┌ Warning: Rate 2739.08 MW for BUS 04-BUS 05-i_7 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 406.15 MW for BUS 12-BUS 13-i_15 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 661.32 MW for BUS 02-BUS 05-i_5 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 527.26 MW for BUS 01-BUS 05-i_2 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 579.33 MW for BUS 10-BUS 11-i_14 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 828.18 MW for BUS 06-BUS 13-i_10 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 405.0 MW for BUS 09-BUS 14-i_13 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 594.68 MW for BUS 02-BUS 03-i_3 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 548.97 MW for BUS 06-BUS 11-i_8 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 651.77 MW for BUS 02-BUS 04-i_4 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 658.72 MW for BUS 03-BUS 04-i_6 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 312.07 MW for BUS 13-BUS 14-i_16 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 426.35 MW for BUS 06-BUS 12-i_9 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1340.14 MW for BUS 09-BUS 10-i_12 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1099.9 MW for BUS 07-BUS 09-i_11 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: Rate 1943.38 MW for BUS 01-BUS 02-i_1 is larger than the max expected in the range of (min = 12.0, max = 13.0).
└ @ PowerSystems ~/.julia/packages/PowerSystems/4kGrw/src/utils/IO/branchdata_checks.jl:148
┌ Warning: struct DynamicInverter does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: struct DynamicInverter does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-3-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-3-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 03 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.2
│       reactive_power: 0.21719000000000002
│       rating: 99.99080007680706
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = 0.0, max = 0.4)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-3-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.13,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -399.96
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-8-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-8-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 08 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.1
│       reactive_power: 0.22292
│       rating: 99.99028802838804
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.06, max = 0.24)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 25.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-8-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.12,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -16.258536585365853
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-1-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-1-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 01 (Bus)
│       active_power: 1.9333000000000002
│       reactive_power: 0.01121
│       rating: 100.48880584423323
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -10.0, max = 10.0)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 615.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-1-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,GasTG,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.23,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
┌ Warning: Invalid range
│   valid_info.struct_name = "ThermalStandard"
│   field_name = "active_power_limits"
│   field_value = -166.65
│   valid_range = Dict{String,Any} with 2 entries: …
│   valid_info.ist_struct =
│    generator-2-1 (ThermalStandard):
│       name: generator-2-1
│       available: true
│       status: true
│       bus: BUS 02 (Bus)
│       active_power: 0.3
│       reactive_power: 0.27015999999999996
│       rating: 99.99125011719775
│       active_power_limits: (min = -99.99, max = 99.99)
│       reactive_power_limits: (min = -0.4, max = 0.5)
│       ramp_limits: (up = 0.9998999999999999, down = 0.9998999999999999)
│       operation_cost: ThreePartCost
│       base_power: 60.0
│       time_limits: nothing
│       prime_mover: PrimeMovers.OT = 19
│       fuel: ThermalFuels.OTHER = 14
│       services: 0-element Array{Service,1}
│       time_at_status: 1.0e6
│       dynamic_injector: generator-2-1 (DynamicGenerator{RoundRotorQuadratic,SingleMass,ESAC1A,TGFixed,PSSFixed})
│       ext: Dict{String,Any}("z_source" => Dict{String,Any}("x" => 0.13,"r" => 0))
│       time_series_container: InfrastructureSystems.TimeSeriesContainer: 0
│       InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
│          base_value: 100.0
│          unit_system: UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:228
┌ Warning: struct DynamicGenerator does not exist in validation configuration file, validation skipped
└ @ InfrastructureSystems ~/.julia/packages/InfrastructureSystems/v75Hd/src/validation.jl:51
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: Initializing Simulation States
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: PowerFlow solve converged, the results have been stored in the system
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
┌ Warning: Initialization failed, initial conditions do not meet conditions for an stable equilibrium.
│ Trying to solve again reducing numeric tolerance from 1.0e-9:
└ @ PowerSimulationsDynamics ~/.julia/packages/PowerSimulationsDynamics/HqcnV/src/base/simulation_initialization.jl:117
[ Info: Initialization succeeded with a relaxed tolerance of 1.0e-6. Saving solution
[ Info: Attaching Perturbations
[ Info: Completed Build Successfully. Simulations status = BUILT

Out[16]:

Simulation()

We can verify the small signal stability of the system before running the simulation:

In [17]:

res = small_signal_analysis(sim)

┌ Warning: No Infinite Bus found. Confirm stability directly checking eigenvalues.
│ If all eigenvalues are on the left-half plane and only one eigenvalue is zero, the system is small signal stable.
└ @ PowerSimulationsDynamics ~/.julia/packages/PowerSimulationsDynamics/HqcnV/src/base/small_signal.jl:89
┌ Info: Eigenvalues are:
│ -2274.2469750440414 - 6834.9069586386095im
│ -2274.2469750440414 + 6834.9069586386095im
│ -2102.367936395657 - 6526.604770463303im
│ -2102.367936395657 + 6526.604770463303im
│ -1605.2366971863967 - 292.6664161689679im
│ -1605.2366971863967 + 292.6664161689679im
│ -1000.0000000000009 + 0.0im
│ -1000.0000000000003 + 0.0im
│ -1000.0 + 0.0im
│ -999.9999999999989 + 0.0im
│ -984.449461144326 + 0.0im
│ -499.9999999999987 + 0.0im
│ -471.10004434838106 + 0.0im
│ -223.53403479862283 + 0.0im
│ -56.90163909202578 - 289.00694522337295im
│ -56.90163909202578 + 289.00694522337295im
│ -51.85095741537765 + 0.0im
│ -51.53608624290841 + 0.0im
│ -51.468087206497316 + 0.0im
│ -51.39649987307159 + 0.0im
│ -50.3524399583718 + 0.0im
│ -50.28019655121397 + 0.0im
│ -43.11041954380906 + 0.0im
│ -36.86624356267333 + 0.0im
│ -33.28289754683637 + 0.0im
│ -29.7275731664875 + 0.0im
│ -24.864038336061544 + 0.0im
│ -20.759543837404244 + 0.0im
│ -17.549135305830006 + 0.0im
│ -13.170128547508595 + 0.0im
│ -11.310043467840698 + 0.0im
│ -11.176980179041552 + 0.0im
│ -6.959056395568068 - 0.36524519711982284im
│ -6.959056395568068 + 0.36524519711982284im
│ -6.628223110733827 - 26.402111215751454im
│ -6.628223110733827 + 26.402111215751454im
│ -5.3125797666175085 - 0.14269957459448374im
│ -5.3125797666175085 + 0.14269957459448374im
│ -4.534720935357964 + 0.0im
│ -3.847678181440572 - 9.993362504739203im
│ -3.847678181440572 + 9.993362504739203im
│ -3.615696930288592 - 10.480595189658755im
│ -3.615696930288592 + 10.480595189658755im
│ -2.5406664001369528 - 8.665901831268302im
│ -2.5406664001369528 + 8.665901831268302im
│ -2.4252661187203746 - 8.084946273995225im
│ -2.4252661187203746 + 8.084946273995225im
│ -2.1789359528755945 - 8.963911206888236im
│ -2.1789359528755945 + 8.963911206888236im
│ -1.9125339762107467 + 0.0im
│ -1.5879211373085478 - 8.860537538480695im
│ -1.5879211373085478 + 8.860537538480695im
│ -1.5216689060985993 - 2.1166258806082263im
│ -1.5216689060985993 + 2.1166258806082263im
│ -1.448103829269238 + 0.0im
│ -1.3105897902209567 + 0.0im
│ -1.0674736791174282 - 0.1695193932714451im
│ -1.0674736791174282 + 0.1695193932714451im
│ -1.036594223264721 - 0.45335996937030665im
│ -1.036594223264721 + 0.45335996937030665im
│ -0.7286140353934802 + 0.0im
│ -0.49998604215908005 + 0.0im
│ -0.39218035801249895 - 7.452795054063343im
│ -0.39218035801249895 + 7.452795054063343im
│ -0.3145728821134344 + 0.0im
└ 0.0 + 0.0im

Out[17]:

The system is small signal stable

In [18]:

scatter(res.eigenvalues)

Out[18]:

We execute the simulation

In [19]:

PSID.execute!(sim, IDA(); abstol = 1e-8)

[ Info: Rebuilding the simulation after reset
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: Initializing Simulation States
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
[ Info: The System has no islands
[ Info: PowerFlow solve converged, the results have been stored in the system
[ Info: Unit System changed to UnitSystem.DEVICE_BASE = 1
┌ Warning: Initialization failed, initial conditions do not meet conditions for an stable equilibrium.
│ Trying to solve again reducing numeric tolerance from 1.0e-9:
└ @ PowerSimulationsDynamics ~/.julia/packages/PowerSimulationsDynamics/HqcnV/src/base/simulation_initialization.jl:117
[ Info: Initialization succeeded with a relaxed tolerance of 1.0e-6. Saving solution
[ Info: Attaching Perturbations
[ Info: Completed Build Successfully. Simulations status = BUILT
[ Info: Simulation reset to status BUILT

Using PowerSimulationsDynamics tools for exploring the results, we can plot all the voltage results for the buses

In [20]:

p = plot()
for b in get_components(Bus, sys)
    voltage_series = get_voltagemag_series(sim, get_number(b))
    plot!(
        p,
        voltage_series;
        xlabel = "Time",
        ylabel = "Voltage Magnitude [pu]",
        label = "Bus - $(get_name(b))",
    )
end
img = DisplayAs.PNG(p) # This line is only needed because of literate use display(p) when running locally

Out[20]:

We can also explore the frequency of the different static generators and storage

In [21]:

p2 = plot()
for g in get_components(ThermalStandard, sys)
    state_series = get_state_series(sim, (get_name(g), :ω))
    plot!(
        p2,
        state_series;
        xlabel = "Time",
        ylabel = "Speed [pu]",
        label = "$(get_name(g)) - ω",
    )
end
state_series = get_state_series(sim, ("Battery", :ω_oc))
plot!(p2, state_series; xlabel = "Time", ylabel = "Speed [pu]", label = "Battery - ω")
img = DisplayAs.PNG(p2) # This line is only needed because of literate use display(p2) when running locally

Out[21]:

This notebook was generated using Literate.jl.