'''
Program:     1
Description: Calling the addition function multiple times within the same function.
             The function add just takes two inputs from the user, adds them and returns it.
Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

def add(a, b):                    # Function declaration to add to numbers
    c = a + b                     # Adds two number and stores them in variable c
    return c                      # Returns the result 

# Calling the function by passing the input parameters.
result = add(add(add(5, add(5, 6.5)), 5), 5)
print("---------------------------------------------")
print("The final result is:", result)
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     2
Description: Lambdas defined in a loop with different values all return the same result.

Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

squares = []                                  # Creating an empty list "squares"
for x in range(5):
    squares.append(lambda n=x: n**2)          # Lambda function, surf about it on the internet.

print("---------------------------------------------")
print(squares[4]())
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     3
Description: String format() is the primary API method. 
             It takes a string and an arbitrary set of positional and keyword arguments. 

Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

print("---------------------------------------------")
print("[{0},{1},{2}]".format(1, 2, 3))                # Using the format() to format the string 
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     4
Description: String split() is the primary API method. 
             The split() method splits a string.
             You can specify the separator, default separator is any whitespace 

Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

name = 'P Y T H O N'
print("---------------------------------------------")
updated_name = name.split()                   # Splitting the string 'P Y T H O N'
print(type(updated_name))
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     5
Description: String slice is the primary API. 
             The string slice actually slices the string.
             Usually represented in square brackets like []
Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

name = 'P Y T H O N'
print("---------------------------------------------")
updated_name = name[::-1]                   # Slicing the string 'P Y T H O N'
print(updated_name)
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     6
Description: Just playing with 'for' loops usign 'end'
Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

print("---------------------------------------------")
for i in range(15, 20, 1):
    print( i, end = ', ')            # Playing with the 'for' loop with 'end'

print("\n---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     7
Description: List slicing: Used to slice the list based on the value,
             provided inside the square brackets
Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

print("---------------------------------------------")
new_list = [5, 10, 15, 25]
print(new_list[::-2])          # Using the concept of list slicing
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     8
Description: Concatenating values in a list using '+'
Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

print("---------------------------------------------")
List = [x + y for x in ['Hello ', 'Good'] for y in ['Dear', 'Bye']]
print(List)
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     9
Description: Joining the value of the list using 'join()'
Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

List = ["Python", "Programming"]
print("---------------------------------------------")
print("-".join(List))       # Using join() to join the values in the list
print("---------------------------------------------")

'''
Program:     10
Description: Converting values into 'integer' and 'round' at the same time
Author:      Tanu Nanda Prabhu
'''

a = 5             # Integer values
b = 3

c1 = a/b
c1 = int(c1)      # Type casting to integer

c2 = a/b
c2 = round(c2)    # Rounding the value

if c1 == c2:
    print("True")
else:
    print("False")