Python Basic¶

지난 수업 이후로 Python 에서 기본 모듈로 구현가능한 내용들 정리하기

1 math 계산하기¶

목적 : 생성한 Dict 객체 호출시 기본값을 특정하여 오류처리 없이도 전체 과정이 진행

In [1]:

import math
math.ceil(3.14)   # 올림 : 결과는 4

Out[1]:

In [2]:

math.floor(3.14)  # 내림 : 결과는 3

Out[2]:

In [3]:

math.trunc(-3.14) # trunc() 내림을 해도 0을 향한다

Out[3]:

-3

In [4]:

round(3.1415)     # 반올림 : Python 내장함수를 사용

Out[4]:

Dict 객체 다루기¶

default Dict 과 Ordered Dict 기초 블로그 정리

자료형 작업을 하다보면 dict 객체를 다양하게 정의할 필요가 있다

1 defaultDict¶

목적 : 생성한 Dict 객체 호출시 기본값을 특정하여 오류처리 없이도 전체 과정이 진행

In [5]:

from collections import defaultdict
int_dict = defaultdict(int)
int_dict

Out[5]:

defaultdict(int, {})

In [6]:

# 입력값이 없어도, 호출시 "int" 를 자동생성
# 작업 과정에 오류가 있어도 Dict 객체를 생성
print(int_dict['key1'])
int_dict

Out[6]:

defaultdict(int, {'key1': 0})

In [7]:

int_dict['key2'] = 'test'
int_dict

Out[7]:

defaultdict(int, {'key1': 0, 'key2': 'test'})

In [8]:

int_dict['key3']
int_dict

Out[8]:

defaultdict(int, {'key1': 0, 'key2': 'test', 'key3': 0})

2 OrderedDict¶

dict 객체를 순서에 따라 정렬할 필요가 있을때

"Json" 의 Header 안내를 컬럼으로 활용하는 방법을 알아보자
dict 객체를 [list 내부 (tuple) 묶음으로 관리 및 활용]

In [9]:

col_to_kor = {
    "NUM":"번호",
    "FOOD_CD":"식품코드",
    "DESC_KOR":"식품이름",
    "SERVING_WT":"1회제공량(g)",
}

from collections import OrderedDict
json_keys = OrderedDict(col_to_kor)
json_keys

Out[9]:

OrderedDict([('NUM', '번호'),
             ('FOOD_CD', '식품코드'),
             ('DESC_KOR', '식품이름'),
             ('SERVING_WT', '1회제공량(g)')])

In [10]:

list(OrderedDict(col_to_kor).keys())

Out[10]:

['NUM', 'FOOD_CD', 'DESC_KOR', 'SERVING_WT']

시계열 데이터 다루기¶

python 의 기본 datetime 객체 다루기

요즘들어 Python 기본 모듈로 인코딩 변환이 취미가 됨...
가능하면 외부 모듈이 아닌, Python 기본 모듈을 로 최대한 구현해보기

1 Datetime 모듈¶

Python 에서 기본 Datetime 객체 다루기

In [1]:

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
print(datetime.today().strftime("%A %d. %B %Y"))
print(datetime.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
# 년, 월, 일, 시간, 분, 초
datetime(2019,10,10,12,12,12,1000)

Monday 21. October 2019
2019-10-21

Out[1]:

datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 10, 12, 12, 12, 1000)

In [2]:

# 수치를 활용한 보간
# 날짜를 연산으로 변환된 값을 추출 가능
datetime(2019,10,10) - timedelta(10)

Out[2]:

datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 0, 0)

In [7]:

datetime.strptime('20190101', '%Y%d%m')

Out[7]:

datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0)

2 Pandas¶

datetime 객체를 활용하는 Pandas 모듈

In [13]:

# 10일의 기간 출력
import pandas as pd
pd.date_range('2019/01/01', periods=10)

Out[13]:

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-01-02', '2019-01-03', '2019-01-04',
               '2019-01-05', '2019-01-06', '2019-01-07', '2019-01-08',
               '2019-01-09', '2019-01-10'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

In [14]:

# 10일의 기간 출력
pd.date_range('2019/01/01', periods=10, freq='B')

Out[14]:

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-01-02', '2019-01-03', '2019-01-04',
               '2019-01-07', '2019-01-08', '2019-01-09', '2019-01-10',
               '2019-01-11', '2019-01-14'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')

In [15]:

# 10일의 기간 출력
pd.date_range('2019/01/01', periods=10, freq='12h30min', normalize=True)

Out[15]:

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01 00:00:00', '2019-01-01 12:30:00',
               '2019-01-02 01:00:00', '2019-01-02 13:30:00',
               '2019-01-03 02:00:00', '2019-01-03 14:30:00',
               '2019-01-04 03:00:00', '2019-01-04 15:30:00',
               '2019-01-05 04:00:00', '2019-01-05 16:30:00'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='750T')

In [16]:

# 기간 구간을 10개로 나누기
pd.date_range('2019/01/01', '2019/11/01', periods=10)

Out[16]:

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01 00:00:00', '2019-02-03 18:40:00',
               '2019-03-09 13:20:00', '2019-04-12 08:00:00',
               '2019-05-16 02:40:00', '2019-06-18 21:20:00',
               '2019-07-22 16:00:00', '2019-08-25 10:40:00',
               '2019-09-28 05:20:00', '2019-11-01 00:00:00'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)

In [17]:

# String Format time data
# 개별 객체에 datetime 메소드를 적용
[_.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')  for _ in pd.date_range('2019/10/10', periods=5)]

Out[17]:

['2019-10-10', '2019-10-11', '2019-10-12', '2019-10-13', '2019-10-14']

Decorator¶

슬기로운 파이썬 트릭 (2019 | 프로그래밍 인사이트)

1 데코레이터의 힘¶

In [66]:

! pip install -U instabot

Requirement already up-to-date: instabot in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (0.89.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: schedule>=0.6.0 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (0.6.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: huepy>=0.9.8.1 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (1.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pysocks>=1.6.8 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (1.7.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: responses>=0.10.5 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (0.10.9)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: future>=0.17.1 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (0.18.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pytz>=2019.1 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (2019.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: requests>=2.21.0 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (2.21.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: tqdm>=4.30.0 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (4.36.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: requests-toolbelt>=0.8.0 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (0.9.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six>=1.12.0 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from instabot) (1.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: idna<2.9,>=2.5 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from requests>=2.21.0->instabot) (2.8)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: urllib3<1.25,>=1.21.1 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from requests>=2.21.0->instabot) (1.24.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: certifi>=2017.4.17 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from requests>=2.21.0->instabot) (2019.9.11)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 in /home/momukji/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from requests>=2.21.0->instabot) (3.0.4)

In [ ]:

In [67]:

from instabot import Bot


bot = Bot()
bot.login(username="saltman21@naver.com", password="inst8472")
# bot.login(username="YOUR_LOGIN", password="YOUR_PASSWORD")
user_id = bot.get_user_id_from_username("erdoskim")
user_info = bot.get_user_info(user_id)
print(user_info['biography'])

2020-01-02 17:13:32,482 - INFO - Instabot Started

In [ ]:

In [64]:

from igramscraper.instagram import Instagram

instagram = Instagram()

# authentication supported
instagram.with_credentials('erdoskim', 'inst8472')
instagram.login()

#Getting an account by id
account = instagram.get_account_by_id(3)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
InstagramException                        Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-64-386d66eaf47f> in <module>
      8 
      9 #Getting an account by id
---> 10 account = instagram.get_account_by_id(3)

~/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/igramscraper/instagram.py in get_account_by_id(self, id)
    108         :return: Account
    109         """
--> 110         username = self.get_username_by_id(id)
    111         return self.get_account(username)
    112 

~/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/igramscraper/instagram.py in get_username_by_id(self, id)
    127         if Instagram.HTTP_OK != response.status_code:
    128             raise InstagramException.default(response.text,
--> 129                                              response.status_code)
    130 
    131         json_response = response.json()

InstagramException: Response code is 400. Body: {"message": "useragent mismatch", "status": "fail"} Something went wrong. Please report issue., Code:400

In [61]:

# Available fields
print('Account info:')
print('Id: ', account.identifier)
print('Username: ', account.username)
print('Full name: ', account.full_name)
print('Biography: ', account.biography)
print('Profile pic url: ', account.get_profile_pic_url_hd())
print('External Url: ', account.external_url)
print('Number of published posts: ', account.media_count)
print('Number of followers: ', account.followed_by_count)
print('Number of follows: ', account.follows_count)
print('Is private: ', account.is_private)
print('Is verified: ', account.is_verified)

# or simply for printing use 
print(account)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
InstagramException                        Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-61-c38177b46960> in <module>
      8 
      9 #Getting an account by id
---> 10 account = instagram.get_account_by_id(3)
     11 
     12 # Available fields

~/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/igramscraper/instagram.py in get_account_by_id(self, id)
    108         :return: Account
    109         """
--> 110         username = self.get_username_by_id(id)
    111         return self.get_account(username)
    112 

~/Python/Python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/igramscraper/instagram.py in get_username_by_id(self, id)
    127         if Instagram.HTTP_OK != response.status_code:
    128             raise InstagramException.default(response.text,
--> 129                                              response.status_code)
    130 
    131         json_response = response.json()

InstagramException: Response code is 400. Body: {"message": "useragent mismatch", "status": "fail"} Something went wrong. Please report issue., Code:400

In [ ]:

In [56]:

a = [1,2,3]
b = [1,2,3]
a is b

Out[56]:

False

In [57]:

a == b

Out[57]:

True

In [ ]:

In [38]:

%reset

In [53]:

def uppercase(func):
    def wrapper(): 
        return func().upper()
    return wrapper

In [54]:

@uppercase
def greet():
    return 'hello boys!!'

In [55]:

greet('hello boys!')

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-55-51c96caae186> in <module>
----> 1 greet('hello boys!')

TypeError: wrapper() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

In [50]:

def decor1(func):
    def wrap():
        print("$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        func()
        print("$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        return func.upper()
    return wrap

In [51]:

@decor1
def sayhello():
    print("Hello")
sayhello()

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Hello
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-51-d038986f5dac> in <module>
      2 def sayhello():
      3     print("Hello")
----> 4 sayhello()

<ipython-input-50-075fc5d856e2> in wrap()
      4         func()
      5         print("$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
----> 6         return func.upper()
      7     return wrap

AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'upper'

In [ ]:

    >>> def decor2(func):
            def wrap():
                   print("##############")
                   func()
                   print("##############")
            return wrap

In [ ]: