In [1]:

%%javascript
IPython.OutputArea.prototype._should_scroll = function(lines) {
    return false;
}

In [2]:

# import libraries and set display options
import pandas as pd
import pprint
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from matplotlib.pyplot import cm
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
plt.style.use('ggplot') # set style for graphs

# set frame width and center output
from IPython.core.display import display, HTML
display(HTML("""
<style>
.container {width:84% !important;
}
</style>
"""))

# pretty print options
pd.options.display.float_format = '{:20,.4f}'.format
pd.set_option('display.max_rows', None)
pd.set_option('display.max_columns', None)
pd.set_option('display.width', 3000)
pd.set_option('display.colheader_justify', 'center')
pd.set_option('display.precision', 3)

# open file
x_rates = pd.read_csv("euro-daily-hist_1999_2020.csv")

# strip brackets and trailing space from country names
# replace remaining space with underscore
# lower case all column names
x_rates.columns = x_rates.columns.str.replace("[","").str.replace("]","")
x_rates.columns = x_rates.columns.str.rstrip()
x_rates.columns = x_rates.columns.str.replace(" ","_")
x_rates.columns = x_rates.columns.str.lower()

# rename columns
x_rates.rename(columns={"period\\unit:":"date",
                        "chinese_yuan_renminbi":"chinese_yuan",
                        "uk_pound_sterling":"uk_pound"}, inplace=True)

# convert datetime
x_rates["date"] = pd.to_datetime(x_rates["date"])

# resort and reindex
x_rates.sort_values("date", inplace=True)
x_rates.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)

# convert hyphens in currency columns to NaN
import numpy as np
x_rates = x_rates.replace("-", np.nan)

# convert exchange rate values to float
x_rates.iloc[:,1:] = x_rates.iloc[:,1:].astype(float)

display(x_rates.head())

/var/folders/bz/5cj1tzbj5xn319rpqrw6gpmh0000gn/T/ipykernel_20470/2505407553.py:33: FutureWarning: The default value of regex will change from True to False in a future version. In addition, single character regular expressions will *not* be treated as literal strings when regex=True.
  x_rates.columns = x_rates.columns.str.replace("[","").str.replace("]","")

	date	australian_dollar	bulgarian_lev	brazilian_real	canadian_dollar	swiss_franc	chinese_yuan	cypriot_pound	czech_koruna	danish_krone	estonian_kroon	uk_pound	greek_drachma	hong_kong_dollar	croatian_kuna	hungarian_forint	indonesian_rupiah	israeli_shekel	indian_rupee	iceland_krona	japanese_yen	korean_won	lithuanian_litas	latvian_lats	maltese_lira	mexican_peso	malaysian_ringgit	norwegian_krone	new_zealand_dollar	philippine_peso	polish_zloty	romanian_leu	russian_rouble	swedish_krona	singapore_dollar	slovenian_tolar	slovak_koruna	thai_baht	turkish_lira	us_dollar	south_african_rand
0	1999-01-04	1.9100	NaN	NaN	1.8004	1.6168	NaN	0.5823	35.1070	7.4501	15.6466	0.7111	327.1500	9.1332	NaN	251.4800	9,433.6100	NaN	NaN	81.4800	133.7300	1,398.5900	4.7170	0.6668	0.4432	11.6446	4.4798	8.8550	2.2229	45.5100	4.0712	1.3111	25.2875	9.4696	1.9554	189.0450	42.9910	42.6799	0.3723	1.1789	6.9358
1	1999-01-05	1.8944	NaN	NaN	1.7965	1.6123	NaN	0.5823	34.9170	7.4495	15.6466	0.7122	324.7000	9.1341	NaN	250.8000	9,314.5100	NaN	NaN	81.5300	130.9600	1,373.0100	4.7174	0.6657	0.4432	11.5960	4.4805	8.7745	2.2011	44.7450	4.0245	1.3168	26.5876	9.4025	1.9655	188.7750	42.8480	42.5048	0.3728	1.1790	6.7975
2	1999-01-06	1.8820	NaN	NaN	1.7711	1.6116	NaN	0.5820	34.8500	7.4452	15.6466	0.7076	324.7200	9.1010	NaN	250.6700	9,337.6800	NaN	NaN	81.5400	131.4200	1,359.5400	4.6994	0.6649	0.4420	11.4705	4.4637	8.7335	2.1890	44.8720	4.0065	1.3168	27.4315	9.3050	1.9699	188.7000	42.7780	42.6949	0.3722	1.1743	6.7307
3	1999-01-07	1.8474	NaN	NaN	1.7602	1.6165	NaN	0.5819	34.8860	7.4431	15.6466	0.7058	324.4000	9.0131	NaN	250.0900	9,218.7700	NaN	NaN	81.0600	129.4300	1,337.1600	4.6548	0.6627	0.4413	11.5511	4.4203	8.6295	2.1531	44.4360	4.0165	1.3092	26.9876	9.1800	1.9436	188.8000	42.7650	42.1678	0.3701	1.1632	6.8283
4	1999-01-08	1.8406	NaN	NaN	1.7643	1.6138	NaN	0.5819	34.9380	7.4433	15.6466	0.7094	324.0000	9.0302	NaN	250.1500	9,321.6300	NaN	NaN	80.9900	130.0900	1,366.7300	4.6643	0.6654	0.4419	11.4414	4.4295	8.5900	2.1557	44.2950	4.0363	1.3143	27.2075	9.1650	1.9537	188.8400	42.5600	42.5590	0.3718	1.1659	6.7855

In [3]:

# create a list of data frames for each currency with
# the log rate of the exchange rate, 30 day rolling mean, and year
df_dict = {}
for currency in x_rates.columns[1:]:
    df_name = currency
    df = x_rates[["date", currency]].copy()
#     df = df[df[currency].notna()]
    df["log_rate"] = np.log(df.iloc[:,1]/df.iloc[:,1].shift()) # getting the log of the exchange rate # double check this is the correct way to get log
    df["rolling_mean_30"] = df[currency].rolling(30).mean()
    df["year"] = df["date"].dt.year
    df_dict[currency] = df

# currencies for comparison
high_freq = [df_dict["us_dollar"], df_dict["japanese_yen"], df_dict["uk_pound"], df_dict["australian_dollar"]]
low_freq = [df_dict["israeli_shekel"], df_dict["philippine_peso"], df_dict["malaysian_ringgit"], df_dict["romanian_leu"]]

In [4]:

sept11_row = df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"] == "2001-09-11"
sept11_row = df_dict["us_dollar"][sept11_row]
display(sept11_row)
eesa_row = df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"] == "2008-10-03"
eesa_row = df_dict["us_dollar"][eesa_row]
display(eesa_row)
edc_row = df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"] == "2012-09-06"
edc_row = df_dict["us_dollar"][edc_row]
display(edc_row)

	date	us_dollar	log_rate	rolling_mean_30	year
701	2001-09-11	0.8964	-0.0092	0.8995	2001

	date	us_dollar	log_rate	rolling_mean_30	year
2544	2008-10-03	1.3834	-0.0050	1.4386	2008

	date	us_dollar	log_rate	rolling_mean_30	year
3568	2012-09-06	1.2638	0.0048	1.2414	2012

In [5]:

# widget can be turned on and off to discover specific dates
# %matplotlib widget
# line graph showing Euro to four high frequency trading pairs overlapped
chart_date_high = (df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"])
colors = iter([plt.cm.tab10(i) for i in range(0,4)])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(18,10))
ax1 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax3 = ax.twinx()
for ax, currency in zip ((ax, ax1,ax2,ax3), high_freq):
    ax.plot(chart_date_high, currency["rolling_mean_30"], linewidth=3, c=next(colors))
# for ax in ax, ax1, ax2, ax3:
    ax.set_xticks(["2000-01-04 00:00:00", "2005-01-04 00:00:00", "2010-01-04 00:00:00",
               "2015-01-04 00:00:00", "2020-01-04 00:00:00"])
    ax.set_xticklabels([2000,2005,2010,2015,2020], fontsize=18)
    ax.set(yticks=[])
# Sept 11, 2001
ax.axvline(x=chart_date_high.iloc[701], alpha=0.8, color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[11], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[701],
           ymax=0.97,  ymin=0.86, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.165, 0.82, "9/11 attacks", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.165, 0.8, "in US", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
# EESA
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008
ax.axvline(x=chart_date_high.iloc[2544], color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[1644], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[2544],
           ymax=0.19,  ymin=0.10, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.365, 0.23, "E.E.S.A. enacted", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.365, 0.21, "in US", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
# European Debt Crisis
# https://www.businessinsider.com/s?q=euro+forex+2012
# https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1532.pdf
ax.axvline(x=chart_date_high.iloc[3568], color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[3568], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[4488],
           ymax=0.97,  ymin=0.86, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.60, 0.82, "ECB announces", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.60, 0.8, "unlimited support", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
fig.suptitle(" "*12 + "Alignment of Euro/High Frequency Pairs" + " "*12,
             color = "#f0f0f0", backgroundcolor = "#4d4d4d", fontsize=35, weight="bold")
ax.text(0.75, 0.24, "US dollar", color="tab:blue", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.21, "Japanese yen", color="tab:orange", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.17, "UK pound", color="tab:green", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.14, "Australian dollar", color="tab:red", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.08, 0.0, "© B McMinn" + " "*174 + "Source: European Central Bank",
        color = "#f0f0f0", backgroundcolor = "#4d4d4d", fontsize=14,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
plt.show()

In [6]:

# *****
# Here is all the same stuff but with NaN excluded
# For the Major Pairs graph, the vlines slowly get pushed right

In [7]:

# create a list of data frames for each currency with
# the log rate of the exchange rate, 30 day rolling mean, and year
df_dict = {}
for currency in x_rates.columns[1:]:
    df_name = currency
    df = x_rates[["date", currency]].copy()
    df = df[df[currency].notna()]
    df["log_rate"] = np.log(df.iloc[:,1]/df.iloc[:,1].shift()) # getting the log of the exchange rate # double check this is the correct way to get log
    df["rolling_mean_30"] = df[currency].rolling(30).mean()
    df["year"] = df["date"].dt.year
    df_dict[currency] = df

# currencies for comparison
high_freq = [df_dict["us_dollar"], df_dict["japanese_yen"], df_dict["uk_pound"], df_dict["australian_dollar"]]
low_freq = [df_dict["israeli_shekel"], df_dict["philippine_peso"], df_dict["malaysian_ringgit"], df_dict["romanian_leu"]]

In [8]:

# widget can be turned on and off to discover specific dates
# %matplotlib widget
# line graph showing Euro to four high frequency trading pairs overlapped
chart_date_high = (df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"])
colors = iter([plt.cm.tab10(i) for i in range(0,4)])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(18,10))
ax1 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax3 = ax.twinx()
for ax, currency in zip ((ax, ax1,ax2,ax3), high_freq):
    ax.plot(chart_date_high, currency["rolling_mean_30"], linewidth=3, c=next(colors))
# for ax in ax, ax1, ax2, ax3:
    ax.set_xticks(["2000-01-04 00:00:00", "2005-01-04 00:00:00", "2010-01-04 00:00:00",
               "2015-01-04 00:00:00", "2020-01-04 00:00:00"])
    ax.set_xticklabels([2000,2005,2010,2015,2020], fontsize=18)
    ax.set(yticks=[])
# Sept 11, 2001
ax.axvline(x=chart_date_high.iloc[701], alpha=0.8, color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[11], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[701],
           ymax=0.97,  ymin=0.86, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.165, 0.82, "9/11 attacks", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.165, 0.8, "in US", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
# EESA
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008
ax.axvline(x=chart_date_high.iloc[2544], color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[1644], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[2544],
           ymax=0.19,  ymin=0.10, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.365, 0.23, "E.E.S.A. enacted", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.365, 0.21, "in US", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
# European Debt Crisis
# https://www.businessinsider.com/s?q=euro+forex+2012
# https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1532.pdf
ax.axvline(x=chart_date_high.iloc[3568], color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[3568], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[4488],
           ymax=0.97,  ymin=0.86, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.60, 0.82, "ECB announces", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.60, 0.8, "unlimited support", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
fig.suptitle(" "*12 + "Alignment of Euro/High Frequency Pairs" + " "*12,
             color = "#f0f0f0", backgroundcolor = "#4d4d4d", fontsize=35, weight="bold")
ax.text(0.75, 0.24, "US dollar", color="tab:blue", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.21, "Japanese yen", color="tab:orange", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.17, "UK pound", color="tab:green", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.14, "Australian dollar", color="tab:red", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.08, 0.0, "© B McMinn" + " "*174 + "Source: European Central Bank",
        color = "#f0f0f0", backgroundcolor = "#4d4d4d", fontsize=14,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
plt.show()

In [14]:

# in this version I tie the v line to the date and this puts it in the right place,
# but the background shade box can't align on the date, it needs an index number to make into an axis
# line graph showing Euro to four high frequency trading pairs overlapped
chart_date_high = (df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"])
colors = iter([plt.cm.tab10(i) for i in range(0,4)])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(18,10))
ax1 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax3 = ax.twinx()
for ax, currency in zip ((ax, ax1,ax2,ax3), high_freq):
    ax.plot(chart_date_high, currency["rolling_mean_30"], linewidth=3, c=next(colors))
# for ax in ax, ax1, ax2, ax3:
    ax.set_xticks(["2000-01-04 00:00:00", "2005-01-04 00:00:00", "2010-01-04 00:00:00",
               "2015-01-04 00:00:00", "2020-01-04 00:00:00"])
    ax.set_xticklabels([2000,2005,2010,2015,2020], fontsize=18)
    ax.set(yticks=[])
# Sept 11, 2001
sept11 = df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"] == "2001-09-11"
sept11 = df_dict["us_dollar"][sept11]
sept11 = sept11["date"]
ax.axvline(x=sept11, alpha=0.8, color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[11], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[701],
           ymax=0.97,  ymin=0.86, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.165, 0.82, "9/11 attacks", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.165, 0.8, "in US", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
# EESA
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008
eesa = df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"] == "2008-10-03"
eesa = df_dict["us_dollar"][eesa]
eesa = eesa["date"]
ax.axvline(x=eesa, color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[1644], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[2544],
           ymax=0.19,  ymin=0.10, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.365, 0.23, "E.E.S.A. enacted", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.365, 0.21, "in US", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
# European Debt Crisis
# https://www.businessinsider.com/s?q=euro+forex+2012
# https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1532.pdf
edc = df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"] == "2012-09-06"
edc = df_dict["us_dollar"][edc]
edc = edc["date"]
ax.axvline(x=edc, color="gold", linewidth=2)
ax.axvspan(xmin=chart_date_high.iloc[3508], xmax=chart_date_high.iloc[4488],
           ymax=0.97,  ymin=0.86, alpha=0.4, color='gold')
ax.text(0.60, 0.82, "ECB announces", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.60, 0.8, "unlimited support", color="black", fontsize=16,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
# other text
fig.suptitle(" "*12 + "Alignment of Euro/High Frequency Pairs" + " "*12,
             color = "#f0f0f0", backgroundcolor = "#4d4d4d", fontsize=35, weight="bold")
ax.text(0.75, 0.24, "US dollar", color="tab:blue", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.21, "Japanese yen", color="tab:orange", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.17, "UK pound", color="tab:green", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.75, 0.14, "Australian dollar", color="tab:red", fontsize=18, weight="bold",
        transform=fig.transFigure)
ax.text(0.08, 0.0, "© B McMinn" + " "*174 + "Source: European Central Bank",
        color = "#f0f0f0", backgroundcolor = "#4d4d4d", fontsize=14,
        transform=fig.transFigure)
plt.show()

In [13]:

edc_row = df_dict["us_dollar"]["date"] == "2012-09-06"
edc_row = df_dict["us_dollar"][edc_row]
display(edc_row)
display(edc)

	date	us_dollar	log_rate	rolling_mean_30	year
3568	2012-09-06	1.2638	0.0048	1.2414	2012

3568   2012-09-06
Name: date, dtype: datetime64[ns]

In [ ]:

# line graph showing Euro to four high frequency trading pairs overlapped
%matplotlib widget
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,6))
ax1 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax3 = ax.twinx()
line = ax.plot(chart_date_high, df_dict["us_dollar"]["rolling_mean_30"],
               'tab:blue')
line_1 = ax1.plot(chart_date_high, df_dict["japanese_yen"]["rolling_mean_30"],
                  'tab:orange')
line_2 = ax2.plot(chart_date_high, df_dict["uk_pound"]["rolling_mean_30"],
                  'tab:green')
line_3 = ax3.plot(chart_date_high, df_dict["australian_dollar"]["rolling_mean_30"],
                  'tab:red')
ax.axvline(x=edc, color="gold", linewidth=2) # vline to highlight point on chart

for ax in ax, ax1, ax2, ax3:
    ax.set(yticks=[])
    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%m/%d/%y'))
plt.show()