fastai offers several widgets to support the workflow of a deep learning practitioner. The purpose of the widgets are to help you organize, clean, and prepare your data for your model. Widgets are separated by data type.
from fastai.vision import *
from fastai.widgets import DatasetFormatter, ImageCleaner, ImageDownloader, download_google_images
from fastai.gen_doc.nbdoc import *
%reload_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2
path = untar_data(URLs.MNIST_SAMPLE)
data = ImageDataBunch.from_folder(path)
learn = cnn_learner(data, models.resnet18, metrics=error_rate)
learn.fit_one_cycle(2)
| epoch | train_loss | valid_loss | error_rate | time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.184135 | 0.103444 | 0.037291 | 00:06 |
| 1 | 0.110252 | 0.082977 | 0.028459 | 00:05 |
learn.save('stage-1')
We create a databunch with all the data in the training set and no validation set (DatasetFormatter uses only the training set)
db = (ImageList.from_folder(path)
.split_none()
.label_from_folder()
.databunch())
learn = cnn_learner(db, models.resnet18, metrics=[accuracy])
learn.load('stage-1');
show_doc(DatasetFormatter)
class DatasetFormatter[source][test]
DatasetFormatter()
No tests found for DatasetFormatter. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Returns a dataset with the appropriate format and file indices to be displayed.
The DatasetFormatter class prepares your image dataset for widgets by returning a formatted DatasetTfm based on the DatasetType specified. Use from_toplosses to grab the most problematic images directly from your learner. Optionally, you can restrict the formatted dataset returned to n_imgs.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.from_similars)
from_similars[source][test]
from_similars(learn,layer_ls:list=*[0, 7, 2], ***kwargs**)
No tests found for from_similars. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Gets the indices for the most similar images.
from fastai.gen_doc.nbdoc import *
from fastai.widgets.image_cleaner import *
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.from_toplosses)
from_toplosses[source][test]
from_toplosses(learn,n_imgs=*None, ***kwargs**)
No tests found for from_toplosses. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Gets indices with top losses.
show_doc(ImageCleaner)
class ImageCleaner[source][test]
ImageCleaner(dataset,fns_idxs,path,batch_size:int=*5,duplicates=False*)
Tests found for ImageCleaner:
pytest -sv tests/test_widgets_image_cleaner.py::test_image_cleaner_index_length_mismatch [source]pytest -sv tests/test_widgets_image_cleaner.py::test_image_cleaner_length_correct [source]pytest -sv tests/test_widgets_image_cleaner.py::test_image_cleaner_wrong_input_type [source]To run tests please refer to this guide.
Displays images for relabeling or deletion and saves changes in path as 'cleaned.csv'.
ImageCleaner is for cleaning up images that don't belong in your dataset. It renders images in a row and gives you the opportunity to delete the file from your file system. To use ImageCleaner we must first use DatasetFormatter().from_toplosses to get the suggested indices for misclassified images.
ds, idxs = DatasetFormatter().from_toplosses(learn)
ImageCleaner(ds, idxs, path)
HBox(children=(VBox(children=(Image(value=b'\xff\xd8\xff\xe0\x00\x10JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x01\x00d\x00d\x00\x00\xff…
Button(button_style='primary', description='Next Batch', layout=Layout(width='auto'), style=ButtonStyle())
<fastai.widgets.image_cleaner.ImageCleaner at 0x7f23cb106dd8>
ImageCleaner does not change anything on disk (neither labels or existence of images). Instead, it creates a 'cleaned.csv' file in your data path from which you need to load your new databunch for the files to changes to be applied.
df = pd.read_csv(path/'cleaned.csv', header='infer')
# We create a databunch from our csv. We include the data in the training set and we don't use a validation set (DatasetFormatter uses only the training set)
np.random.seed(42)
db = (ImageList.from_df(df, path)
.split_none()
.label_from_df()
.databunch(bs=64))
learn = cnn_learner(db, models.resnet18, metrics=error_rate)
learn = learn.load('stage-1')
You can then use ImageCleaner again to find duplicates in the dataset. To do this, you can specify duplicates=True while calling ImageCleaner after getting the indices and dataset from .from_similars. Note that if you are using a layer's output which has dimensions (n_batches, n_features, 1, 1) then you don't need any pooling (this is the case with the last layer). The suggested use of .from_similars() with resnets is using the last layer and no pooling, like in the following cell.
ds, idxs = DatasetFormatter().from_similars(learn, layer_ls=[0,7,1], pool=None)
Getting activations...
Computing similarities...
ImageCleaner(ds, idxs, path, duplicates=True)
HBox(children=(VBox(children=(Image(value=b'\xff\xd8\xff\xe0\x00\x10JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x01\x00d\x00d\x00\x00\xff…
Button(button_style='primary', description='Next Batch', layout=Layout(width='auto'), style=ButtonStyle())
<fastai.widgets.image_cleaner.ImageCleaner at 0x7f236f7214a8>
show_doc(ImageDownloader)
ImageDownloader widget gives you a way to quickly bootstrap your image dataset without leaving the notebook. It searches and downloads images that match the search criteria and resolution / quality requirements and stores them on your filesystem within the provided path.
Images for each search query (or label) are stored in a separate folder within path. For example, if you pupulate tiger with a path setup to ./data, you'll get a folder ./data/tiger/ with the tiger images in it.
ImageDownloader will automatically clean up and verify the downloaded images with verify_images() after downloading them.
path = Config.data_path()/'image_downloader'
os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
ImageDownloader(path)
VBox(children=(HBox(children=(Text(value='', placeholder='What images to search for?'), BoundedIntText(value=1…
<fastai.widgets.image_downloader.ImageDownloader at 0x7f236c056358>
path = Config.data_path()/'image_downloader'
files = download_google_images(path, 'aussie shepherd', size='>1024*768', n_images=30)
len(files)
30
show_doc(download_google_images)
download_google_images[source][test]
download_google_images(path:PathOrStr,search_term:str,size:str=*'>400*300',n_images:int=10,format:str='jpg',max_workers:int=4,timeout:int=4*) →FilePathList
No tests found for download_google_images. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Search for n_images images on Google, matching search_term and size requirements, download them into path/search_term and verify them, using max_workers threads.
After populating images with ImageDownloader, you can get a an ImageDataBunch by calling ImageDataBunch.from_folder(path, size=size), or using the data block API.
# Setup path and labels to search for
path = Config.data_path()/'image_downloader'
labels = ['boston terrier', 'french bulldog']
# Download images
for label in labels:
download_google_images(path, label, size='>400*300', n_images=50)
# Build a databunch and train!
src = (ImageList.from_folder(path)
.split_by_rand_pct()
.label_from_folder()
.transform(get_transforms(), size=224))
db = src.databunch(bs=16, num_workers=0)
learn = cnn_learner(db, models.resnet34, metrics=[accuracy])
learn.fit_one_cycle(3)
cannot identify image file <_io.BufferedReader name='/home/ubuntu/.fastai/data/image_downloader/boston terrier/00000044.jpg'> cannot identify image file <_io.BufferedReader name='/home/ubuntu/.fastai/data/image_downloader/boston terrier/00000014.jpg'>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- _RemoteTraceback Traceback (most recent call last) _RemoteTraceback: """ Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 159, in _new_conn (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 57, in create_connection for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM): File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/socket.py", line 748, in getaddrinfo for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags): socket.gaierror: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 600, in urlopen chunked=chunked) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 343, in _make_request self._validate_conn(conn) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 839, in _validate_conn conn.connect() File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 301, in connect conn = self._new_conn() File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 168, in _new_conn self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e) urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x7f236da84358>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 449, in send timeout=timeout File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 638, in urlopen _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 398, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause)) urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='frenchbulldogpuppiesflorida.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-frenchbulldog2-french840-2.jpg (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x7f236da84358>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/process.py", line 232, in _process_worker r = call_item.fn(*call_item.args, **call_item.kwargs) File "/home/ubuntu/fastai/fastai/widgets/image_downloader.py", line 179, in _download_single_image download_url(img_tuple[1], label_path/fname, timeout=timeout) File "/home/ubuntu/fastai/fastai/core.py", line 177, in download_url u = s.get(url, stream=True, timeout=timeout) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 546, in get return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 533, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 646, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) File "/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 516, in send raise ConnectionError(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='frenchbulldogpuppiesflorida.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-frenchbulldog2-french840-2.jpg (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x7f236da84358>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')) """ The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: ConnectionError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-25-460e5f861575> in <module> 5 # Download images 6 for label in labels: ----> 7 download_google_images(path, label, size='>400*300', n_images=50) 8 9 # Build a databunch and train! ~/fastai/fastai/widgets/image_downloader.py in download_google_images(path, search_term, size, n_images, format, max_workers, timeout) 86 if n_images <= 100: img_tuples = _fetch_img_tuples(search_url, format=format, n_images=n_images) 87 else: img_tuples = _fetch_img_tuples_webdriver(search_url, format=format, n_images=n_images) ---> 88 downloaded_images = _download_images(label_path, img_tuples, max_workers=max_workers, timeout=timeout) 89 if len(downloaded_images) == 0: raise RuntimeError(f"Couldn't download any images.") 90 verify_images(label_path, max_workers=max_workers) ~/fastai/fastai/widgets/image_downloader.py in _download_images(label_path, img_tuples, max_workers, timeout) 165 """ 166 os.makedirs(Path(label_path), exist_ok=True) --> 167 parallel( partial(_download_single_image, label_path, timeout=timeout), img_tuples, max_workers=max_workers) 168 return get_image_files(label_path) 169 ~/fastai/fastai/core.py in parallel(func, arr, max_workers) 326 futures = [ex.submit(func,o,i) for i,o in enumerate(arr)] 327 results = [] --> 328 for f in progress_bar(concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures), total=len(arr)): results.append(f.result()) 329 if any([o is not None for o in results]): return results 330 ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py in result(self, timeout) 423 raise CancelledError() 424 elif self._state == FINISHED: --> 425 return self.__get_result() 426 427 self._condition.wait(timeout) ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py in __get_result(self) 382 def __get_result(self): 383 if self._exception: --> 384 raise self._exception 385 else: 386 return self._result ConnectionError: None: Max retries exceeded with url: /wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-frenchbulldog2-french840-2.jpg (Caused by None)
To fetch more than a hundred images, ImageDownloader uses selenium and chromedriver to scroll through the Google Images search results page and scrape image URLs. They're not required as dependencies by default. If you don't have them installed on your system, the widget will show you an error message.
To install selenium, just pip install selenium in your fastai environment.
On a mac, you can install chromedriver with brew cask install chromedriver.
On Ubuntu Take a look at the latest Chromedriver version available, then something like:
wget https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.45/chromedriver_linux64.zip
unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip
Note that downloading under 100 images doesn't require any dependencies other than fastai itself, however downloading more than a hundred images uses selenium and chromedriver.
size can be one of:
'>400*300'
'>640*480'
'>800*600'
'>1024*768'
'>2MP'
'>4MP'
'>6MP'
'>8MP'
'>10MP'
'>12MP'
'>15MP'
'>20MP'
'>40MP'
'>70MP'
show_doc(ImageCleaner.make_dropdown_widget)
make_dropdown_widget[source][test]
make_dropdown_widget(description=*'Description',options=['Label 1', 'Label 2'],value='Label 1',file_path=None,layout=Layout(),handler=None*)
No tests found for make_dropdown_widget. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Return a Dropdown widget with specified handler.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.next_batch)
next_batch[source][test]
next_batch(_)
No tests found for next_batch. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Handler for 'Next Batch' button click. Delete all flagged images and renders next batch.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.sort_idxs)
sort_idxs[source][test]
sort_idxs(similarities)
No tests found for sort_idxs. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Sorts similarities and return the indexes in pairs ordered by highest similarity.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.make_vertical_box)
make_vertical_box[source][test]
make_vertical_box(children,layout=*Layout(),duplicates=False*)
No tests found for make_vertical_box. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Make a vertical box with children and layout.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.relabel)
relabel[source][test]
relabel(change)
No tests found for relabel. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Relabel images by moving from parent dir with old label class_old to parent dir with new label class_new.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.largest_indices)
largest_indices[source][test]
largest_indices(arr,n)
No tests found for largest_indices. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Returns the n largest indices from a numpy array arr.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.delete_image)
delete_image[source][test]
delete_image(file_path)
No tests found for delete_image. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.empty)
empty[source][test]
empty()
No tests found for empty. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.empty_batch)
empty_batch[source][test]
empty_batch()
No tests found for empty_batch. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.comb_similarity)
comb_similarity[source][test]
comb_similarity(t1:Tensor,t2:Tensor, ****kwargs**)
No tests found for comb_similarity. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Computes the similarity function between each embedding of t1 and t2 matrices.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.get_widgets)
get_widgets[source][test]
get_widgets(duplicates)
No tests found for get_widgets. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Create and format widget set.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.write_csv)
write_csv[source][test]
write_csv()
No tests found for write_csv. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.create_image_list)
create_image_list[source][test]
create_image_list(dataset,fns_idxs)
No tests found for create_image_list. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Create a list of images, filenames and labels but first removing files that are not supposed to be displayed.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.render)
render[source][test]
render()
No tests found for render. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Re-render Jupyter cell for batch of images.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.get_similars_idxs)
get_similars_idxs[source][test]
get_similars_idxs(learn,layer_ls, ****kwargs**)
No tests found for get_similars_idxs. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Gets the indices for the most similar images in ds_type dataset
show_doc(ImageCleaner.on_delete)
on_delete[source][test]
on_delete(btn)
No tests found for on_delete. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Flag this image as delete or keep.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.make_button_widget)
make_button_widget[source][test]
make_button_widget(label,file_path=*None,handler=None,style=None,layout=Layout(width='auto')*)
No tests found for make_button_widget. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Return a Button widget with specified handler.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.make_img_widget)
make_img_widget[source][test]
make_img_widget(img,layout=*Layout(),format='jpg'*)
No tests found for make_img_widget. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Returns an image widget for specified file name img.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.get_actns)
get_actns[source][test]
get_actns(learn,hook:Hook,dl:DataLoader,pool=*'AdaptiveConcatPool2d',pool_dim:int=4, ***kwargs**)
No tests found for get_actns. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Gets activations at the layer specified by hook, applies pool of dim pool_dim and concatenates
show_doc(ImageCleaner.batch_contains_deleted)
batch_contains_deleted[source][test]
batch_contains_deleted()
No tests found for batch_contains_deleted. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Check if current batch contains already deleted images.
show_doc(ImageCleaner.make_horizontal_box)
make_horizontal_box[source][test]
make_horizontal_box(children,layout=*Layout()*)
No tests found for make_horizontal_box. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Make a horizontal box with children and layout.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.get_toplosses_idxs)
get_toplosses_idxs[source][test]
get_toplosses_idxs(learn,n_imgs, ****kwargs**)
No tests found for get_toplosses_idxs. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
Sorts ds_type dataset by top losses and returns dataset and sorted indices.
show_doc(DatasetFormatter.padded_ds)
padded_ds[source][test]
padded_ds(ll_input,size=*(250, 300),resize_method=<ResizeMethod.CROP: 1>,padding_mode='zeros', ***kwargs**)
No tests found for padded_ds. To contribute a test please refer to this guide and this discussion.
For a LabelList ll_input, resize each image to size using resize_method and padding_mode.