%matplotlib inline
from pylab import *
from numpy import *
def diffusion_init(maxx, maxt, D, nx, SC):
# initialize variables for solving the diffusion equation
# on 2D square domain
#choose time step according to stability condition
dx = maxx/(nx+1)
dt = SC*dx**2/(4*D)
nt = int(maxt/dt)+1
#define array for storing the solution
U = zeros((nx+2, nx+2))
x = arange(nx+2)*dx
t = arange(nt)*dt
return U, dx, dt, x, t
# constants taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brusselator_space.gif
#initial field values
U0 = 0.
V0 = 1.
Vmax = 5.0
noise = 2.
#diffusion coefficients
DU = 0.2
DV = 0.02
#constant concentrations
A = 1
B = 3
def RHS(U, V):
fV = B*U - U**2*V
fU = A - fV - U
return fU, fV
from scipy.sparse import dia_matrix, eye, kron
from scipy.sparse.linalg import factorized
def d2matrix(nelem):
elements = ones((3,nelem))
elements[1,:] *= -2
return dia_matrix((elements, [-1,0,1]), shape=(nelem,nelem)).tocsc()
def brusselator_explicit(Uold, Vold, dx, dt, nx, nt, DU, DV):
alphaU = DU*dt/dx**2
alphaV = DV*dt/dx**2
# matrix of second differences with Neumann BC in 1D
d2x = d2matrix(nx+2)
d2x[0, 1] += 1
d2x[-1, -2] += 1
# obtain 2D difference operator as Kronecker product of 1D operators
# and construct the diffusion operators
mat2D = kron(d2x, eye(nx+2)) + kron(eye(nx+2), d2x)
M2U = eye((nx+2)**2)+mat2D*alphaU
M2V = eye((nx+2)**2)+mat2D*alphaV
for it in range(0,nt-1):
# U[it, boundary] -= alpha*dx*(NBC[it]+NBC[it+1])
# explicit diffusion operator
U = M2U.dot(Uold.ravel()).reshape(nx+2, nx+2)
V = M2V.dot(Vold.ravel()).reshape(nx+2, nx+2)
# Euler integration of the reaction part
fU, fV = RHS(U, V)
U += fU*dt
V += fV*dt
Uold, Vold = U, V
# store the animation frames
if it in frames:
i = where(frames==it)
Uframes[i] = U
Vframes[i] = V
maxt = 3000.
maxx = 150.
nx = 200 # number of unknown grid points in spatial direction
U, dx, dt, x, t = diffusion_init(maxx, maxt, max((DU, DV)), nx, SC=.05)
V, dx, dt, x, t = diffusion_init(maxx, maxt, max((DU, DV)), nx, SC=.05)
random.seed(123)
Uold = ones((nx+2, nx+2))*0
Vold = V0 + 1.5*noise*randn(nx+2, nx+2)
Vold[0, Vold[0] > Vmax] = Vmax
frames = arange(int(0.9*len(t)),len(t),4)
Uframes = zeros((len(frames), nx+2, nx+2))
Vframes = zeros((len(frames), nx+2, nx+2))
#print frames
brusselator_explicit(Uold, Vold, dx, dt, nx, len(t), DU, DV)
/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/numpy/core/fromnumeric.py:2507: VisibleDeprecationWarning: `rank` is deprecated; use the `ndim` attribute or function instead. To find the rank of a matrix see `numpy.linalg.matrix_rank`. VisibleDeprecationWarning)
figure(figsize=(12,12))
subplot(221)
pcolormesh(Uframes[:, 30, :], rasterized=True, vmin=0, vmax=5)
subplot(223)
pcolormesh(Vframes[:, 30, :], rasterized=True, vmin=0, vmax=5)
subplot(222)
pcolormesh(Uframes[2001, :-2, :-2], rasterized=True, vmin=0, vmax=5)
subplot(224)
pcolormesh(Vframes[2000, :-2, :-2], rasterized=True, vmin=0, vmax=5)
<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f6e48187e48>
fig = figure(figsize=(8,4))
ax1 = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 0.5, 1.0])
ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.5, 0, 0.5, 1.0])
setp(ax2.get_yticklabels(), visible=False)
#ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122)
from matplotlib import animation
from JSAnimation.IPython_display import display_animation
#anim = animation.ArtistAnimation(fig, frames, interval=50, repeat_delay=3000,
# blit=True)
def animate(data):
mesh = ax1.pcolormesh(Vframes[data, :-2, :-2], rasterized=True, vmin=0, vmax=5)
mesh = ax2.pcolormesh(Uframes[data, :-2, :-2], rasterized=True, vmin=0, vmax=5)
return mesh
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=arange(2000, 2046, 4, dtype=int), interval=100,blit=True)
display_animation(anim, default_mode='loop')
anim.save("anim.gif", writer="imagemagick")