Widget Styling¶

In this lecture we will learn about the various ways to style widgets!

style vs. layout¶

There are two ways to change the appearance of widgets in the browser. The first is through the layout attribute which exposes layout-related CSS properties for the top-level DOM element of widgets, such as margins and positioning. The second is through the style attribute which exposes non-layout related attributes like button color and font weight. While layout is general to all widgets and containers of widgets, style offers tools specific to each type of widget.

Thorough understanding of all that layout has to offer requires knowledge of front-end web development, including HTML and CSS. This section provides a brief overview of things that can be adjusted using layout. However, the full set of tools are provided in the separate notebook Advanced Widget Styling with Layout.

To learn more about web development, including HTML and CSS, check out the course Python and Django Full Stack Web Developer Bootcamp

Basic styling is more intuitive as it relates directly to each type of widget. Here we provide a set of helpful examples of the style attribute.

The layout attribute¶

Jupyter interactive widgets have a layout attribute exposing a number of CSS properties that impact how widgets are laid out. These properties map to the values of the CSS properties of the same name (underscores being replaced with dashes), applied to the top DOM elements of the corresponding widget.

Sizes¶

• height
• width
• max_height
• max_width
• min_height
• min_width

Display¶

• visibility
• display
• overflow
• overflow_x
• overflow_y

Box model¶

• border
• margin
• padding

Positioning¶

• top
• left
• bottom
• right

Flexbox¶

• order
• flex_flow
• align_items
• flex
• align_self
• align_content
• justify_content

A quick example of layout¶

We've already seen what a slider looks like without any layout adjustments:

Let's say we wanted to change two of the properties of this widget: margin and height. We want to center the slider in the output area and increase its height. This can be done by adding layout attributes to w

Notice that the slider changed positions on the page immediately!

Layout settings can be passed from one widget to another widget of the same type. Let's first create a new IntSlider:

Now assign w's layout settings to x:

That's it! For a complete set of instructions on using layout, visit the Advanced Widget Styling - Layout notebook.

Predefined styles¶

Before we investigate the style attribute, it should be noted that many widgets offer a list of pre-defined styles that can be passed as arguments during creation.

For example, the Button widget has a button_style attribute that may take 5 different values:

• 'primary'
• 'success'
• 'info'
• 'warning'
• 'danger'

besides the default empty string ''.

The style attribute¶

While the layout attribute only exposes layout-related CSS properties for the top-level DOM element of widgets, the style attribute is used to expose non-layout related styling attributes of widgets.

However, the properties of the style atribute are specific to each widget type.

You can get a list of the style attributes for a widget with the keys property.

Note that widgets.Button().style.keys also works.

Just like the layout attribute, widget styles can be assigned to other widgets.

Note that only the style was picked up by b2, not any other parameters like description.

Widget styling attributes are specific to each widget type.

Widget style traits¶

These are traits that belong to some of the more common widgets:

Button¶

• button_color
• font_weight

IntSlider, FloatSlider, IntRangeSlider, FloatRangeSlider¶

• description_width
• handle_color

IntProgress, FloatProgress¶

• bar_color
• description_width

Most others such as ToggleButton, Checkbox, Dropdown, RadioButtons, Select and Text only have description_width as an adjustable trait.

Conclusion¶

You should now have an understanding of how to style widgets!