Notebook

Pronominal redundancy - explicit use of pronouns when already implicit present (Nestle1904LFT)¶

Work in progress!

Table of content ¶

1 - Introduction
- 1.1 - Why is this relevant?
- 1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries
2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data
3 - Performing the queries
- 3.1 - TBD
- 3.2 - TBD
4 - Discussion
5 - Attribution and footnotes
6 - Required libraries

1 - Introduction ¶

Back to TOC ¶

In Greek, the verb forms typically include information about the subject within the verb ending itself. This is known as verbal inflection or conjugation. However, there are instances in the Greek New Testament where the pronoun is added even though the information is already contained in the verb. This linguistic phenomenon is known as pronominal redundancy.

1.1 - Why is this relevant? ¶

The use of pronominal redundancy in the Greek New Testament serves several purposes which may have exegetical consequences.

Some typical reasons for pronominal redundancy:

Clarity and Emphasis: Adding the pronoun reinforces and emphasizes the subject of the sentence to avoid ambiguity. By explicitly stating the subject as a separate word, the author can ensure that the intended meaning is clear.
Stylistic Variation: The authors of the New Testament employed various stylistic devices and added variety to their writing. Pronominal redundancy may give the text a more poetic or emphatic quality and make it more engaging to the reader.
Theological Significance: In some cases, the use of pronominal redundancy can have theological implications. It can highlight the identity or importance of the subject, particularly when referring to God or Jesus.
Consequence of copying by scribs: The Greek New Testament has been transmitted through handwritten copies over the centuries. Scribes, who copied the texts by hand, sometimes added or modified words unintentionally or intentionally for clarity or emphasis. This could explain why pronominal redundancy occurs only in certain manuscripts or versions of the text.

1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries ¶

The rough idea is to check phrases with function object for inclusion of a personal pronoun. If possible, number and person information can be validated against each other.

2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data ¶

Back to TOC ¶

In [2]:

%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2

In [3]:

# Loading the Text-Fabric code
# Note: it is assumed Text-Fabric is installed in your environment
from tf.fabric import Fabric
from tf.app import use

In [4]:

# load the N1904 app and data
N1904 = use ("tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT", version="0.6", hoist=globals())

Locating corpus resources ...

The requested app is not available offline
	~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app not found

Status: latest release online v0.6 versus None locally

downloading app, main data and requested additions ...

app: ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app

The requested data is not available offline
	~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6 not found

Status: latest release online v0.6 versus None locally

downloading app, main data and requested additions ...

data: ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6

   |     0.22s T otype                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     2.43s T oslots               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.46s T verse                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T chapter              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.57s T book                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.60s T wordunacc            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.61s T word                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.50s T after                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.57s T wordtranslit         from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.62s T unicode              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.62s T normalized           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |      |     0.06s C __levels__           from otype, oslots, otext
   |      |     1.78s C __order__            from otype, oslots, __levels__
   |      |     0.07s C __rank__             from otype, __order__
   |      |     3.39s C __levUp__            from otype, oslots, __rank__
   |      |     1.91s C __levDown__          from otype, __levUp__, __rank__
   |      |     0.22s C __characters__       from otext
   |      |     0.93s C __boundary__         from otype, oslots, __rank__
   |      |     0.07s C __sections__         from otype, oslots, otext, __levUp__, __levels__, book, chapter, verse
   |      |     0.23s C __structure__        from otype, oslots, otext, __rank__, __levUp__, book, chapter, verse
   |     0.45s T booknumber           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.51s T bookshort            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T case                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.32s T clausetype           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.55s T containedclause      from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.41s T degree               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.57s T gloss                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.47s T gn                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.03s T headverse            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.32s T junction             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.55s T lemma                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.51s T lex_dom              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.53s T ln                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.41s T markafter            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.41s T markbefore           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.42s T markorder            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.45s T monad                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.44s T mood                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.52s T morph                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.53s T nodeID               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.49s T nu                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.49s T number               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.43s T person               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.43s T punctuation          from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.65s T ref                  from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.65s T reference            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T roleclausedistance   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.50s T sentence             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.54s T sp                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.56s T sp_full              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.53s T strongs              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.45s T subj_ref             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.46s T tense                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T type                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.45s T voice                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.40s T wgclass              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.33s T wglevel              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.35s T wgnum                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.34s T wgrole               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.35s T wgrolelong           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.39s T wgrule               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.34s T wgtype               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.49s T wordlevel            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.49s T wordrole             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.52s T wordrolelong         from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6

TF: TF API 12.1.5, tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app v3, Search Reference
Data: tonyjurg - Nestle1904LFT 0.6, Character table, Feature docs

Node types

Name	# of nodes	# slots / node	% coverage
book	27	5102.93	100
chapter	260	529.92	100
verse	7943	17.35	100
sentence	8011	17.20	100
wg	105430	6.85	524
word	137779	1.00	100

Sets: no custom sets
Features:

Nestle 1904 (Low Fat Tree)

after

str

✅ Characters (eg. punctuations) following the word

book

str

✅ Book name (in English language)

booknumber

int

✅ NT book number (Matthew=1, Mark=2, ..., Revelation=27)

bookshort

str

✅ Book name (abbreviated)

case

str

✅ Gramatical case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative)

chapter

int

✅ Chapter number inside book

clausetype

str

✅ Clause type details (e.g. Verbless, Minor)

containedclause

str

🆗 Contained clause (WG number)

degree

str

✅ Degree (e.g. Comparitative, Superlative)

gloss

str

✅ English gloss

str

✅ Gramatical gender (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

headverse

str

✅ Start verse number of a sentence

junction

str

✅ Junction data related to a wordgroup

lemma

str

✅ Lexeme (lemma)

lex_dom

str

✅ Lexical domain according to Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Greek, SDBG (not present everywhere?)

str

✅ Lauw-Nida lexical classification (not present everywhere?)

markafter

str

🆗 Text critical marker after word

markbefore

str

🆗 Text critical marker before word

markorder

str

Order of punctuation and text critical marker

monad

int

✅ Monad (smallest token matching word order in the corpus)

mood

str

✅ Gramatical mood of the verb (passive, etc)

morph

str

✅ Morphological tag (Sandborg-Petersen morphology)

nodeID

str

✅ Node ID (as in the XML source data)

normalized

str

✅ Surface word with accents normalized and trailing punctuations removed

str

✅ Gramatical number (Singular, Plural)

number

str

✅ Gramatical number of the verb (e.g. singular, plural)

otype

str

person

str

✅ Gramatical person of the verb (first, second, third)

punctuation

str

✅ Punctuation after word

ref

str

✅ Value of the ref ID (taken from XML sourcedata)

reference

str

✅ Reference (to nodeID in XML source data, not yet post-processes)

roleclausedistance

str

⚠️ Distance to the wordgroup defining the syntactical role of this word

sentence

int

✅ Sentence number (counted per chapter)

str

✅ Part of Speech (abbreviated)

sp_full

str

✅ Part of Speech (long description)

strongs

str

✅ Strongs number

subj_ref

str

🆗 Subject reference (to nodeID in XML source data, not yet post-processes)

tense

str

✅ Gramatical tense of the verb (e.g. Present, Aorist)

type

str

✅ Gramatical type of noun or pronoun (e.g. Common, Personal)

unicode

str

✅ Word as it apears in the text in Unicode (incl. punctuations)

verse

int

✅ Verse number inside chapter

voice

str

✅ Gramatical voice of the verb (e.g. active,passive)

wgclass

str

✅ Class of the wordgroup (e.g. cl, np, vp)

wglevel

int

🆗 Number of the parent wordgroups for a wordgroup

wgnum

int

✅ Wordgroup number (counted per book)

wgrole

str

✅ Syntactical role of the wordgroup (abbreviated)

wgrolelong

str

✅ Syntactical role of the wordgroup (full)

wgrule

str

✅ Wordgroup rule information (e.g. Np-Appos, ClCl2, PrepNp)

wgtype

str

✅ Wordgroup type details (e.g. group, apposition)

word

str

✅ Word as it appears in the text (excl. punctuations)

wordlevel

str

🆗 Number of the parent wordgroups for a word

wordrole

str

✅ Syntactical role of the word (abbreviated)

wordrolelong

str

✅ Syntactical role of the word (full)

wordtranslit

str

🆗 Transliteration of the text (in latin letters, excl. punctuations)

wordunacc

str

✅ Word without accents (excl. punctuations)

oslots

none

Settings:

specified

apiVersion: 3
appName: tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT
appPath:
C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app
commit: no value
css: ''
dataDisplay:
- excludedFeatures:
  - orig_order
  - verse
  - book
  - chapter
- noneValues:
  - none
  - unknown
  - no value
  - NA
  - ''
- showVerseInTuple: 0
- textFormat: text-orig-full
docs:
- docBase: https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/blob/main/docs/
- docPage: about
- docRoot: https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT
- featureBase:
  https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/blob/main/docs/features/<feature>.md
interfaceDefaults: {fmt: layout-orig-full}
isCompatible: True
local: no value
localDir:
C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/_temp
provenanceSpec:
- corpus: Nestle 1904 (Low Fat Tree)
- doi: notyet
- org: tonyjurg
- relative: /tf
- repo: Nestle1904LFT
- repro: Nestle1904LFT
- version: 0.6
- webBase: https://learner.bible/text/show_text/nestle1904/
- webHint: Show this on the Bible Online Learner website
- webLang: en
- webUrl:
  https://learner.bible/text/show_text/nestle1904/<1>/<2>/<3>
- webUrlLex: {webBase}/word?version={version}&id=<lid>
release: no value
typeDisplay:
- book:
  - condense: True
  - hidden: True
  - label: {book}
  - style: ''
- chapter:
  - condense: True
  - hidden: True
  - label: {chapter}
  - style: ''
- sentence:
  - hidden: 0
  - label: #{sentence} (start: {book} {chapter}:{headverse})
  - style: ''
- verse:
  - condense: True
  - excludedFeatures: chapter verse
  - label: {book} {chapter}:{verse}
  - style: ''
- wg:
  - hidden: 0
  - label:
    #{wgnum}: {wgtype} {wgclass} {clausetype} {wgrole} {wgrule} {junction}
  - style: ''
- word:
  - base: True
  - features: lemma
  - featuresBare: gloss
  - surpress: chapter verse
writing: grc

TF API: names N F E L T S C TF Fs Fall Es Eall Cs Call directly usable

In [5]:

# The following will push the Text-Fabric stylesheet to this notebook (to facilitate proper display with notebook viewer)
N1904.dh(N1904.getCss())

In [6]:

# Set default view in a way to limit noise as much as possible.
N1904.displaySetup(condensed=True, multiFeatures=False,queryFeatures=False)

3 - Performing the queries ¶

Back to TOC ¶

3.1 - Determine the conditions ¶

This code will produce .....

3.2 - TBD ¶

.....

4 - Discussion ¶

Back to TOC ¶

TBA

5 - Attribution and footnotes ¶

Back to TOC ¶

Attribution:¶

Thanks to Prof. Willem van Peursen (VU Amsterdam) for pointing me to this interesting issue by mentioning:

In Muraoka’s Why Read the Bible in the Original Languages,¹ I found the following examples:

Pronouns (e.g. Mt 3:1 “I (emphasis) baptize you with water, but…”

Footnotes:¶

¹ Muraoka, Takamitsu. Why Read the Bible in the Original Languages? (Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2020), 69.

6 - Required libraries ¶

Back to TOC ¶

The scripts in this notebook require (beside text-fabric) the following Python libraries to be installed in the environment:

???

You can install any missing library from within Jupyter Notebook using eitherpip or pip3.

In [ ]:

Pronominal redundancy - explicit use of pronouns when already implicit present (Nestle1904LFT)¶

Table of content ¶

1 - Introduction ¶

Back to TOC¶

1.1 - Why is this relevant? ¶

1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries ¶

2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data ¶

Back to TOC¶

3 - Performing the queries ¶

Back to TOC¶

3.1 - Determine the conditions ¶

3.2 - TBD ¶

4 - Discussion¶

Back to TOC¶

5 - Attribution and footnotes¶

Back to TOC¶

Attribution:¶

Footnotes:¶

6 - Required libraries ¶

Back to TOC¶

Back to TOC ¶

Back to TOC ¶

Back to TOC ¶

4 - Discussion ¶

Back to TOC ¶

5 - Attribution and footnotes ¶

Back to TOC ¶

Back to TOC ¶