Notebook

Appositions (Nestle1904LFT)¶

Table of content ¶

1 - Introduction
- 1.1 - Why is this relevant?
- 1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries
2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data
3 - Performing the queries
- 3.1 - Identify appositions in Mat. 1:1 for LFT
- 3.2 - Other interpretation (GBI)
4 - Discussion
5 - Atribution and footnotes
6 - Required libraries

1 - Introduction ¶

Back to TOC ¶

Appositions are grammatical constructs where a word or phrase is placed next to another word or phrase to explain or clarify its meaning. Consider the following text from Matthew 1:1:

Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ.

In this verse there are two appositions to 'Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ': 'υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ' and 'υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ'.

1.1 - Why is this relevant? ¶

In the context of the Bible, the proper analysis of appositions contributes to a more accurate understanding of the text, serving various purposes. One such purpose is clarifying ambiguous references. For instance, in Jude 1:9, the apposition 'archangel' explains which 'Michael' the verse refers to. Additionally, appositions provide further details on important characteristics, roles, or relationships. For example, in Mat. 1:1, the significance of the genealogical relation between Jesus, David, and Abraham is emphasized.

1.2 - Translating it into a Text-Fabric query ¶

2 - Load app and data ¶

Back to TOC ¶

In [1]:

%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2

In [2]:

# Loading the Text-Fabric code
# Note: it is assumed Text-Fabric is installed in your environment
from tf.fabric import Fabric
from tf.app import use

In [3]:

# load the N1904 app and data
N1904 = use ("tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT", version="0.7", hoist=globals())

Locating corpus resources ...

app: ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app

data: ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.7

TF: TF API 12.2.2, tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app v3, Search Reference
Data: tonyjurg - Nestle1904LFT 0.7, Character table, Feature docs

Node types

Name	# of nodes	# slots / node	% coverage
book	27	5102.93	100
chapter	260	529.92	100
verse	7943	17.35	100
sentence	8011	17.20	100
wg	105430	6.85	524
word	137779	1.00	100

Sets: no custom sets
Features:

Nestle 1904 (Low Fat Tree)

after

str

✅ Characters (eg. punctuations) following the word

book

str

✅ Book name (in English language)

booknumber

int

✅ NT book number (Matthew=1, Mark=2, ..., Revelation=27)

bookshort

str

✅ Book name (abbreviated)

case

str

✅ Gramatical case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative)

chapter

int

✅ Chapter number inside book

clausetype

str

✅ Clause type details (e.g. Verbless, Minor)

containedclause

str

🆗 Contained clause (WG number)

degree

str

✅ Degree (e.g. Comparitative, Superlative)

gloss

str

✅ English gloss

str

✅ Gramatical gender (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

headverse

str

✅ Start verse number of a sentence

junction

str

✅ Junction data related to a wordgroup

lemma

str

✅ Lexeme (lemma)

lex_dom

str

✅ Lexical domain according to Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Greek, SDBG (not present everywhere?)

str

✅ Lauw-Nida lexical classification (not present everywhere?)

markafter

str

🆗 Text critical marker after word

markbefore

str

🆗 Text critical marker before word

markorder

str

Order of punctuation and text critical marker

monad

int

✅ Monad (smallest token matching word order in the corpus)

mood

str

✅ Gramatical mood of the verb (passive, etc)

morph

str

✅ Morphological tag (Sandborg-Petersen morphology)

nodeID

str

✅ Node ID (as in the XML source data)

normalized

str

✅ Surface word with accents normalized and trailing punctuations removed

str

✅ Gramatical number (Singular, Plural)

number

str

✅ Gramatical number of the verb (e.g. singular, plural)

otype

str

person

str

✅ Gramatical person of the verb (first, second, third)

punctuation

str

✅ Punctuation after word

ref

str

✅ Value of the ref ID (taken from XML sourcedata)

reference

str

✅ Reference (to nodeID in XML source data, not yet post-processes)

roleclausedistance

str

⚠️ Distance to the wordgroup defining the syntactical role of this word

sentence

int

✅ Sentence number (counted per chapter)

str

✅ Part of Speech (abbreviated)

sp_full

str

✅ Part of Speech (long description)

strongs

str

✅ Strongs number

subj_ref

str

🆗 Subject reference (to nodeID in XML source data, not yet post-processes)

tense

str

✅ Gramatical tense of the verb (e.g. Present, Aorist)

type

str

✅ Gramatical type of noun or pronoun (e.g. Common, Personal)

unicode

str

✅ Word as it apears in the text in Unicode (incl. punctuations)

verse

int

✅ Verse number inside chapter

voice

str

✅ Gramatical voice of the verb (e.g. active,passive)

wgclass

str

✅ Class of the wordgroup (e.g. cl, np, vp)

wglevel

int

🆗 Number of the parent wordgroups for a wordgroup

wgnum

int

✅ Wordgroup number (counted per book)

wgrole

str

✅ Syntactical role of the wordgroup (abbreviated)

wgrolelong

str

✅ Syntactical role of the wordgroup (full)

wgrule

str

✅ Wordgroup rule information (e.g. Np-Appos, ClCl2, PrepNp)

wgtype

str

✅ Wordgroup type details (e.g. group, apposition)

word

str

✅ Word as it appears in the text (excl. punctuations)

wordlevel

str

🆗 Number of the parent wordgroups for a word

wordrole

str

✅ Syntactical role of the word (abbreviated)

wordrolelong

str

✅ Syntactical role of the word (full)

wordtranslit

str

🆗 Transliteration of the text (in latin letters, excl. punctuations)

wordunacc

str

✅ Word without accents (excl. punctuations)

oslots

none

Settings:

specified

apiVersion: 3
appName: tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT
appPath:
C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app
commit: e68bd68c7c4c862c1464d995d51e27db7691254f
css: ''
dataDisplay:
- excludedFeatures:
  - orig_order
  - verse
  - book
  - chapter
- noneValues:
  - none
  - unknown
  - no value
  - NA
  - ''
- showVerseInTuple: 0
- textFormat: text-orig-full
docs:
- docBase: https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/blob/main/docs/
- docPage: about
- docRoot: https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT
- featureBase:
  https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/blob/main/docs/features/<feature>.md
interfaceDefaults: {fmt: layout-orig-full}
isCompatible: True
local: local
localDir:
C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/_temp
provenanceSpec:
- corpus: Nestle 1904 (Low Fat Tree)
- doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10182594
- org: tonyjurg
- relative: /tf
- repo: Nestle1904LFT
- repro: Nestle1904LFT
- version: 0.7
- webBase: https://learner.bible/text/show_text/nestle1904/
- webHint: Show this on the Bible Online Learner website
- webLang: en
- webUrl:
  https://learner.bible/text/show_text/nestle1904/<1>/<2>/<3>
- webUrlLex: {webBase}/word?version={version}&id=<lid>
release: v0.6
typeDisplay:
- book:
  - condense: True
  - hidden: True
  - label: {book}
  - style: ''
- chapter:
  - condense: True
  - hidden: True
  - label: {chapter}
  - style: ''
- sentence:
  - hidden: 0
  - label: #{sentence} (start: {book} {chapter}:{headverse})
  - style: ''
- verse:
  - condense: True
  - excludedFeatures: chapter verse
  - label: {book} {chapter}:{verse}
  - style: ''
- wg:
  - hidden: 0
  - label:
    #{wgnum}: {wgtype} {wgclass} {clausetype} {wgrole} {wgrule} {junction}
  - style: ''
- word:
  - base: True
  - features: lemma
  - featuresBare: gloss
  - surpress: chapter verse
writing: grc

TF API: names N F E L T S C TF Fs Fall Es Eall Cs Call directly usable

In [4]:

# The following will push the Text-Fabric stylesheet to this notebook (to facilitate proper display with notebook viewer)
N1904.dh(N1904.getCss())

In [5]:

# Set default view in a way to limit noise as much as possible.
N1904.displaySetup(condensed=True, multiFeatures=False,queryFeatures=False)

3 - Performing the queries ¶

Back to TOC ¶

3.1 - Identify appositions in Mat. 1:1 for LFT ¶

The following will select the first verse of Matthew and put it into the list VerseResult.

In [6]:

# Define the query template
VerseQuery = '''
book book=Matthew
  chapter chapter=1
      verse verse=1
'''

# The following will create a list containing ordered tuples consisting of node numbers of the items as they appear in the query
VerseResult = N1904.search(VerseQuery)

  0.01s 1 result

First print the text of the verse:

In [7]:

# The verse node is the third item (hence the '2') of the first tuple (hence the '0')
T.text(VerseResult[0][2])  

Out[7]:

'Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ. '

Now lets show the synatactical tree for this verse:

In [8]:

# Print the result
# Note the options "condensed=True, multiFeatures=False,queryFeatures=False" are included below due to the earlier N1904.displaySetup(...)
N1904.show(VerseResult)

verse 1

Matthew 1:1

verse Matthew 1:1

sentence #1 (start: Matthew 1:1)

wg #2: cl Verbless P2CL

wg #3: np p NPofNP

Βίβλος

wg #4: np NPofNP

γενέσεως

wg #5: apposition np Np-Appos

wg #6: apposition np Np-Appos

wg #7: apposition np Np-Appos

Ἰησοῦ

Χριστοῦ

wg #8: np NPofNP apposition

υἱοῦ

Δαυεὶδ

wg #9: np NPofNP apposition

υἱοῦ

Ἀβραάμ.

3.2 - Other interpretation (GBI)¶

Back to TOC ¶

The LFT Text-Fabric data presents 'υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ' as apposition to 'Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ' and 'υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ' as apposition to 'Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ'. Another choice of apposition can also be argued: both 'υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ' and 'υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ' being appositions to 'Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ'. This actualy the case in the XML data for the GBI nodes.

See the following simplified XML code of file 01-matthew.xml:

      <Tree>
        <Node Cat="S" ... >
          <Node Cat="CL" ... >
            <Node Cat="P" ... >
              <Node Cat="np" ... >
                <Node Cat="np" ... >
                  <Node ... >Βίβλος</Node>
                </Node>
                <Node Cat="np" ... >
                  <Node Cat="np" ... >
                    <Node ... >γενέσεως</Node>
                  </Node>
                  <Node Cat="np" Start="2" End="7" Rule="Np-Appos" ... >
                    <Node Cat="np" Start="2" End="5" Rule="Np-Appos" ... >
                      <Node Cat="np" Start="2" End="3" Rule="Np-Appos" ... >
                        <Node Cat="np" Start="2" End="2" Rule="N2NP" ... >
                          <Node ... Start="2" End="2" ... >Ἰησοῦ</Node>
                        </Node>
                        <Node Cat="np" Start="3" End="3" Rule="N2NP" ... >
                          <Node ... Start="3" End="3" ... >Χριστοῦ</Node>
                        </Node>
                      </Node>
                      <Node Cat="np" Start="4" End="5" Rule="NPofNP" ... >
                        <Node Cat="np" Start="4" End="4" Rule="N2NP" ... >
                          <Node ... Start="4" End="4" ... >υἱοῦ</Node>
                        </Node>
                        <Node Cat="np" Start="5" End="5" Rule="N2NP" ... >
                          <Node ... Start="5" End="5" ... >Δαυεὶδ</Node>
                        </Node>
                      <Node Cat="np" Start="6" End="7" Rule="NPofNP" ... >
                      <Node Cat="np" Start="6" End="6" Rule="N2NP" ... >
                        <Node ... Start="6" End="6" ... >υἱοῦ</Node>
                      </Node>
                      <Node Cat="np" Start="7" End="7" Rule="N2NP" ... >
                        <Node ... Start="7" End="7" ... >Ἀβραάμ.</Node>
                      </Node>
                    </Node>
                  </Node>
                </Node>
              </Node>
            </Node>
          </Node>
        </Node>
      </Tree>

The appostion structure can be visualized by the following image:

4 - Discussion ¶

Back to TOC ¶

There is inherent ambiguity in sentences where the text includes a nested apposition. A comparison of how the GBI and LFT treebanks render these structures highlights this issue. It appears that grammatical rules alone cannot decisively determine the 'correct' rendering in such cases.

5 - Footnotes and attribution ¶

Back to TOC ¶

None.

6 - Required libraries ¶

Back to TOC ¶

The scripts in this notebook require (beside text-fabric) the following Python libraries to be installed in the environment:

{none}

You can install any missing library from within Jupyter Notebook using eitherpip or pip3.

In [ ]:

Appositions (Nestle1904LFT)¶

Table of content ¶

1 - Introduction ¶

Back to TOC¶

1.1 - Why is this relevant? ¶

1.2 - Translating it into a Text-Fabric query ¶

2 - Load app and data ¶

Back to TOC¶

3 - Performing the queries ¶

Back to TOC¶

3.1 - Identify appositions in Mat. 1:1 for LFT¶

3.2 - Other interpretation (GBI)¶

Back to TOC¶

4 - Discussion¶

Back to TOC¶

5 - Footnotes and attribution¶

Back to TOC¶

6 - Required libraries¶

Back to TOC¶

Back to TOC ¶

Back to TOC ¶

Back to TOC ¶

3.1 - Identify appositions in Mat. 1:1 for LFT ¶

Back to TOC ¶

4 - Discussion ¶

Back to TOC ¶

5 - Footnotes and attribution ¶

Back to TOC ¶

6 - Required libraries ¶

Back to TOC ¶