Notebook

Hapaxes in parasha #52: Vayeilech (Deut. 31:1-31:30)¶

Table of Content (ToC) ¶

1 - Introduction
2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data
3 - Performing the queries
4 - Required libraries
5 - Further reading

1 - Introduction ¶

Back to ToC ¶

A hapax legomenon (ἅπαξ λεγόμενον) is the term used in linguistics and philology to refer to a word or expression that appears only once within a specific context. Usually, this context is defined as the entire works of an author or a well-defined corpus of literature. The term comes from Greek, where "hapax" means "once" and "legomenon" means "something said." In this Notebook, the context to determine the hapax legomena is the full text of the Tenach, or more precisely, the full Biblica Hebraica Stuttgartensia.

2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data ¶

Back to ToC ¶

The following code will load the Text-Fabric version of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Amstelodamensis).

In [3]:

%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2

In [5]:

# Loading the Text-Fabric code
# Note: it is assumed Text-Fabric is installed in your environment.
from tf.fabric import Fabric
from tf.app import use

In [6]:

# load the app and data
BHSA = use ("etcbc/BHSA", hoist=globals())

Locating corpus resources ...

app: ~/text-fabric-data/github/etcbc/BHSA/app

data: ~/text-fabric-data/github/etcbc/BHSA/tf/2021

data: ~/text-fabric-data/github/etcbc/phono/tf/2021

data: ~/text-fabric-data/github/etcbc/parallels/tf/2021

TF: TF API 12.4.4, etcbc/BHSA/app v3, Search Reference
Data: etcbc - BHSA 2021, Character table, Feature docs

Node types

Name	# of nodes	# slots / node	% coverage
book	39	10938.21	100
chapter	929	459.19	100
lex	9230	46.22	100
verse	23213	18.38	100
half_verse	45179	9.44	100
sentence	63717	6.70	100
sentence_atom	64514	6.61	100
clause	88131	4.84	100
clause_atom	90704	4.70	100
phrase	253203	1.68	100
phrase_atom	267532	1.59	100
subphrase	113850	1.42	38
word	426590	1.00	100

Sets: no custom sets
Features:

Parallel Passages

crossref

int

🆗 links between similar passages

BHSA = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Amstelodamensis

book

str

✅ book name in Latin (Genesis; Numeri; Reges1; ...)

book@ll

str

✅ book name in amharic (ኣማርኛ)

chapter

int

✅ chapter number (1; 2; 3; ...)

code

int

✅ identifier of a clause atom relationship (0; 74; 367; ...)

det

str

✅ determinedness of phrase(atom) (det; und; NA.)

domain

str

✅ text type of clause (? (Unknown); N (narrative); D (discursive); Q (Quotation).)

freq_lex

int

✅ frequency of lexemes

function

str

✅ syntactic function of phrase (Cmpl; Objc; Pred; ...)

g_cons

str

✅ word consonantal-transliterated (B R>CJT BR> >LHJM ...)

g_cons_utf8

str

✅ word consonantal-Hebrew (ב ראשׁית ברא אלהים)

g_lex

str

✅ lexeme pointed-transliterated (B.:- R;>CIJT B.@R@> >:ELOH ...)

g_lex_utf8

str

✅ lexeme pointed-Hebrew (בְּ רֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלֹה)

g_word

str

✅ word pointed-transliterated (B.:- R;>CI73JT B.@R@74> >:ELOHI92JM)

g_word_utf8

str

✅ word pointed-Hebrew (בְּ רֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים)

gloss

str

🆗 english translation of lexeme (beginning create god(s))

str

✅ grammatical gender (m; f; NA; unknown.)

label

str

✅ (half-)verse label (half verses: A; B; C; verses: GEN 01,02)

language

str

✅ of word or lexeme (Hebrew; Aramaic.)

lex

str

✅ lexeme consonantal-transliterated (B R>CJT/ BR>[ >LHJM/)

lex_utf8

str

✅ lexeme consonantal-Hebrew (ב ראשׁית֜ ברא אלהים֜)

str

✅ lexical set, subclassification of part-of-speech (card; ques; mult)

nametype

str

⚠️ named entity type (pers; mens; gens; topo; ppde.)

nme

str

✅ nominal ending consonantal-transliterated (absent; n/a; JM, ...)

str

✅ grammatical number (sg; du; pl; NA; unknown.)

number

int

✅ sequence number of an object within its context

otype

str

pargr

str

🆗 hierarchical paragraph number (1; 1.2; 1.2.3.4; ...)

pdp

str

✅ phrase dependent part-of-speech (art; verb; subs; nmpr, ...)

pfm

str

✅ preformative consonantal-transliterated (absent; n/a; J, ...)

prs

str

✅ pronominal suffix consonantal-transliterated (absent; n/a; W; ...)

prs_gn

str

✅ pronominal suffix gender (m; f; NA; unknown.)

prs_nu

str

✅ pronominal suffix number (sg; du; pl; NA; unknown.)

prs_ps

str

✅ pronominal suffix person (p1; p2; p3; NA; unknown.)

str

✅ grammatical person (p1; p2; p3; NA; unknown.)

qere

str

✅ word pointed-transliterated masoretic reading correction

qere_trailer

str

✅ interword material -pointed-transliterated (Masoretic correction)

qere_trailer_utf8

str

✅ interword material -pointed-transliterated (Masoretic correction)

qere_utf8

str

✅ word pointed-Hebrew masoretic reading correction

rank_lex

int

✅ ranking of lexemes based on freqnuecy

rela

str

✅ linguistic relation between clause/(sub)phrase(atom) (ADJ; MOD; ATR; ...)

str

✅ part-of-speech (art; verb; subs; nmpr, ...)

str

✅ state of a noun (a (absolute); c (construct); e (emphatic).)

tab

int

✅ clause atom: its level in the linguistic embedding

trailer

str

✅ interword material pointed-transliterated (& 00 05 00_P ...)

trailer_utf8

str

✅ interword material pointed-Hebrew (־ ׃)

txt

str

✅ text type of clause and surrounding (repetion of ? N D Q as in feature domain)

typ

str

✅ clause/phrase(atom) type (VP; NP; Ellp; Ptcp; WayX)

uvf

str

✅ univalent final consonant consonantal-transliterated (absent; N; J; ...)

vbe

str

✅ verbal ending consonantal-transliterated (n/a; W; ...)

vbs

str

✅ root formation consonantal-transliterated (absent; n/a; H; ...)

verse

int

✅ verse number

voc_lex

str

✅ vocalized lexeme pointed-transliterated (B.: R;>CIJT BR> >:ELOHIJM)

voc_lex_utf8

str

✅ vocalized lexeme pointed-Hebrew (בְּ רֵאשִׁית ברא אֱלֹהִים)

str

✅ verbal stem (qal; piel; hif; apel; pael)

str

✅ verbal tense (perf; impv; wayq; infc)

mother

none

✅ linguistic dependency between textual objects

oslots

none

Phonetic Transcriptions

phono

str

🆗 phonological transcription (bᵊ rēšˌîṯ bārˈā ʔᵉlōhˈîm)

phono_trailer

str

🆗 interword material in phonological transcription

Settings:

specified

apiVersion: 3
appName: etcbc/BHSA
appPath: C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/etcbc/BHSA/app
commit: gd905e3fb6e80d0fa537600337614adc2af157309
css: ''
dataDisplay:
- exampleSectionHtml:
  <code>Genesis 1:1</code> (use <a href="https://github.com/{org}/{repo}/blob/master/tf/{version}/book%40en.tf" target="_blank">English book names</a>)
- excludedFeatures:
  - g_uvf_utf8
  - g_vbs
  - kq_hybrid
  - languageISO
  - g_nme
  - lex0
  - is_root
  - g_vbs_utf8
  - g_uvf
  - dist
  - root
  - suffix_person
  - g_vbe
  - dist_unit
  - suffix_number
  - distributional_parent
  - kq_hybrid_utf8
  - crossrefSET
  - instruction
  - g_prs
  - lexeme_count
  - rank_occ
  - g_pfm_utf8
  - freq_occ
  - crossrefLCS
  - functional_parent
  - g_pfm
  - g_nme_utf8
  - g_vbe_utf8
  - kind
  - g_prs_utf8
  - suffix_gender
  - mother_object_type
- noneValues:
  - none
  - unknown
  - no value
  - NA
docs:
- docBase: {docRoot}/{repo}
- docExt: ''
- docPage: ''
- docRoot: https://{org}.github.io
- featurePage: 0_home
interfaceDefaults: {}
isCompatible: True
local: local
localDir: C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/etcbc/BHSA/_temp
provenanceSpec:
- corpus: BHSA = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Amstelodamensis
- doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1007624
- moduleSpecs:
  - :
    backend: no value
    corpus: Phonetic Transcriptions
    docUrl:
    https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/etcbc/phono/blob/master/programs/phono.ipynb
    doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1007636
    org: etcbc
    relative: /tf
    repo: phono
  - :
    backend: no value
    corpus: Parallel Passages
    docUrl:
    https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/etcbc/parallels/blob/master/programs/parallels.ipynb
    doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1007642
    org: etcbc
    relative: /tf
    repo: parallels
- org: etcbc
- relative: /tf
- repo: BHSA
- version: 2021
- webBase: https://shebanq.ancient-data.org/hebrew
- webHint: Show this on SHEBANQ
- webLang: la
- webLexId: True
- webUrl:
  {webBase}/text?book=<1>&chapter=<2>&verse=<3>&version={version}&mr=m&qw=q&tp=txt_p&tr=hb&wget=v&qget=v&nget=vt
- webUrlLex: {webBase}/word?version={version}&id=<lid>
release: v1.8
typeDisplay:
- clause:
  - label: {typ} {rela}
  - style: ''
- clause_atom:
  - hidden: True
  - label: {code}
  - level: 1
  - style: ''
- half_verse:
  - hidden: True
  - label: {label}
  - style: ''
  - verselike: True
- lex:
  - featuresBare: gloss
  - label: {voc_lex_utf8}
  - lexOcc: word
  - style: orig
  - template: {voc_lex_utf8}
- phrase:
  - label: {typ} {function}
  - style: ''
- phrase_atom:
  - hidden: True
  - label: {typ} {rela}
  - level: 1
  - style: ''
- sentence:
  - label: {number}
  - style: ''
- sentence_atom:
  - hidden: True
  - label: {number}
  - level: 1
  - style: ''
- subphrase:
  - hidden: True
  - label: {number}
  - style: ''
- word:
  - features: pdp vs vt
  - featuresBare: lex:gloss
writing: hbo

TF API: names N F E L T S C TF Fs Fall Es Eall Cs Call directly usable

3 - Performing the queries ¶

Back to ToC ¶

The Text-Fabric code in this Notebook is set up to query all words in the first and the last verse of this parasha. From these results (two lists of tuples), the boundaries (first and last word node) are determined. The value for the feature freq_lex is then examined for all word nodes within this range. Whenever the value for freq_lex is set to one, the related word and the verse it is part of are reported as a hapax legomenon. The indicated verse is hyperlinked to the STEP Bible, allowing for easy review of the verse.

In [9]:

# find first word node for this parasha 
startQuery = '''
verse book=Deuteronomium chapter=31 verse=1
  word
'''
startResults = BHSA.search(startQuery)

# get the value of the first node in this list of tuples
startNode=startResults[0][1]

  0.13s 13 results

In [11]:

# find last word node for this parasha 
endQuery = '''
verse book=Deuteronomium chapter=31 verse=30
  word
'''
endResults = BHSA.search(endQuery)

# get the value of the last node in this list of tuples
endNode=endResults[-1][1]

  0.09s 16 results

In [13]:

# following is to escape some values for gloss that are labeled as '<uncertain>'
def escape_markdown(text):
    return text.replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;")

# now iterate over this range of nodes
numberOfHapax=0
# format the table using MarkDown
tableContent="Verse|Word|Gloss\n---|---|---\n"
for node in range(startNode,endNode):
    freq=F.freq_lex.v(node)
    if freq==1:
        numberOfHapax+=1
        sectionTuple=T.sectionFromNode(node)
        linkSTEPbible=f"<a href=\"https://www.stepbible.org/?q=version=NASB2020\|reference={sectionTuple[0]}.{sectionTuple[1]}:{sectionTuple[2]}&options=HNVUG\" taget=\"_blank\">{sectionTuple[0]} {sectionTuple[1]}:{sectionTuple[2]}</a>" 
        tableContent+=f"{linkSTEPbible} | {F.g_word_utf8.v(node)}|{escape_markdown(F.gloss.v(node))}\n"
BHSA.dm(tableContent)
print(f"{numberOfHapax} hapaxes found")

Verse	Word	Gloss

0 hapaxes found

4 - Required libraries ¶

Back to ToC ¶

The scripts in this notebook require (beside text-fabric) the following Python libraries to be installed in the environment:

{none}

You can install any missing library from within Jupyter Notebook using eitherpip or pip3.

5 - Further reading ¶

Back to ToC ¶

An discussion regarding Hapax Legomena, including details about ten hapaxes in the Hebrew Bible can be found at The Torah.com.

Hapaxes in parasha #52: Vayeilech (Deut. 31:1-31:30)¶

Table of Content (ToC) ¶

1 - Introduction ¶

Back to ToC¶

2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data ¶

Back to ToC¶

3 - Performing the queries ¶

Back to ToC¶

4 - Required libraries ¶

Back to ToC¶

5 - Further reading ¶

Back to ToC¶

Back to ToC ¶

Back to ToC ¶

Back to ToC ¶

Back to ToC ¶

Back to ToC ¶