To get started: consult start

Display¶

We show the ins and outs of displaying cuneiform ATF transcriptions.

In [1]:

%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2

In [2]:

from tf.app import use

In [3]:

A = use("Nino-cunei/oldbabylonian", hoist=globals())

TF-app: ~/text-fabric-data/Nino-cunei/oldbabylonian/app

data: ~/text-fabric-data/Nino-cunei/oldbabylonian/tf/1.0.6

This is Text-Fabric 9.2.2
Api reference : https://annotation.github.io/text-fabric/tf/cheatsheet.html

67 features found and 0 ignored

Text-Fabric: Text-Fabric API 9.2.2, Nino-cunei/oldbabylonian/app v3, Search Reference
Data: OLDBABYLONIAN, Character table, Feature docs
Features:

Old Babylonian Letters 1900-1600: Cuneiform tablets

ARK

str

persistent identifier of type ARK from metadata field "UCLA Library ARK"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:07Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

after

str

what comes after a sign or word (- or space)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:07Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

afterr

str

what comes after a sign or word (- or space); between adjacent signs a ␣ is inserted

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:07Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

afteru

str

what comes after a sign when represented as unicode (space)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:07Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

atf

str

full atf of a sign (without cluster chars) or word (including cluster chars)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:07Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

atfpost

str

atf of cluster closings at sign

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:07Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

atfpre

str

atf of cluster openings at sign

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

author

str

author from metadata field "Author(s)"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

col

int

ATF column number

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

collated

int

whether a sign is collated (*)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

collection

str

collection of a document

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

comment

str

$ comment to line or inline comment to slot ($ and $)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

damage

int

whether a sign is damaged

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

det

int

whether a sign is a determinative gloss - between braces { }

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

docnote

str

additional remarks in the document identification

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

docnumber

str

number of a document within a collection-volume

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

excavation

str

excavation number from metadata field "Excavation no."

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

excised

int

whether a sign is excised - between double angle brackets << >>

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

face

str

full name of a face including the enclosing object

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

flags

str

sequence of flags after a sign

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

fraction

str

fraction of a numeral

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

genre

str

genre from metadata field "Genre"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

grapheme

str

grapheme of a sign

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

graphemer

str

grapheme of a sign using non-ascii characters

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

graphemeu

str

grapheme of a sign using cuneiform unicode characters

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

lang

str

language of a document

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

langalt

int

1 if a sign is in the alternate language (i.e. Sumerian) - between underscores _ _

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

ln

int

ATF line number of a numbered line, without prime

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

lnc

str

ATF line identification of a comment line ($)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

lnno

str

ATF line number, may be $ or #, with prime; column number prepended

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

material

str

material indication from metadata field "Material"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

missing

int

whether a sign is missing - between square brackets [ ]

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

museumcode

str

museum code from metadata field "Museum no."

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

museumname

str

museum name from metadata field "Collection"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

object

str

name of an object of a document

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

operator

str

the ! or x in a !() or x() construction

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

operatorr

str

the ! or x in a !() or x() construction, represented as =, ␣

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

operatoru

str

the ! or x in a !() or x() construction, represented as =, ␣

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

otype

str

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

period

str

period indication from metadata field "Period"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

pnumber

str

P number of a document

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

primecol

int

whether a prime is present on a column number

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

primeln

int

whether a prime is present on a line number

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

pubdate

str

publication date from metadata field "Publication date"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

question

int

whether a sign has the question flag (?)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

reading

str

reading of a sign

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

readingr

str

reading of a sign using non-ascii characters

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

readingu

str

reading of a sign using cuneiform unicode characters

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:08Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

remarkable

int

whether a sign is remarkable (!)

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

remarks

str

# comment to line

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

repeat

int

repeat of a numeral; the value n (unknown) is represented as -1

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

srcLn

str

full line in source file

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

srcLnNum

int

line number in source file

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

srcfile

str

source file name of a document

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

subgenre

str

genre from metadata field "Sub-genre"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

supplied

int

whether a sign is supplied - between angle brackets < >

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

sym

str

essential part of a sign or of a word

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

symr

str

essential part of a sign or of a word using non-ascii characters

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

symu

str

essential part of a sign or of a word using cuneiform unicode characters

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:09Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

trans

int

whether a line has a translation

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:10Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

transcriber

str

person who did the encoding into ATF from metadata field "ATF source"

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:10Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

translation@ll

str

translation of line in language en = English

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:10Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

type

str

name of a type of cluster or kind of sign

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:10Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

uncertain

int

whether a sign is uncertain - between brackets ( )

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:10Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

volume

int

volume of a document within a collection

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:10Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

oslots

none

converters:

Cale Johnson, Dirk Roorda

dateWritten:

2020-06-26T09:20:10Z

editor:

Cale Johnson et al.

institute:

CDL

name:

AbB Old Babylonian Cuneiform

writtenBy:

Text-Fabric

Text-Fabric API: names N F E L T S C TF directly usable

We pick an example face with which we illustrate many ways to represent cuneiform text.

In [4]:

# exampleFace = ('P509373', 'obverse')
# exampleFace = ('P292990', 'obverse')
exampleFace = ("P292987", "reverse")
f = T.nodeFromSection(exampleFace)
lines = L.d(f, otype="line")

Raw text¶

The most basic way is to show the source material for each line, which is in the feature srcLn.

This feature has been filled by mere copying the numbered lines from the CDLI ATF sources.

In [5]:

for ln in lines:
    print(F.srcLn.v(ln))

1. nu-uk!(AZ)-ta-la-al-li-mu
2. dumu ku3#-{d}nanna
3. i-he#-[er]-ri#
4. la-ma qa2-as-su2
5. isz#-ku-nu
6. at#-ta hi-i-ri
7. u3 a-na
8. i-szar-ku-bi

Text formats¶

The TF API supports text formats. Text formats make selections and apply templates and styles based on the analysed features of the text. For example: a text-format may ignore flags or clusters, or format numerals in special ways.

Text formats are not baked into TF, but they are defined in the feature otext of the corpus.

Moreover, for this corpus a TF app has been build that defines additional text-formats.

Whereas the formats defined in otext are strictly plain text formats, the formats defined in the app are able to use typographic styles to shape the text, such as bold, italic, colours, etc.

Here is the list of all formats.

In [6]:

T.formats

Out[6]:

{'text-orig-full': 'sign',
 'text-orig-plain': 'sign',
 'text-orig-rich': 'sign',
 'text-orig-unicode': 'sign',
 'layout-orig-rich': 'sign',
 'layout-orig-unicode': 'sign'}

Plain text formats¶

The formats whose names start with text- are the plain text formats.

`text-orig-full`¶

This format is really close to the ATF. It contains all original information.

This is the default format. We do not have to specify it.

In [7]:

for ln in lines:
    print(ln, T.text(ln))
    A.plain(ln)

239995 nu-uk!(AZ)-ta-la-al-li-mu

P292987 reverse:1 nu-uk!(AZ)-ta-la-al-li-mu

239996 dumu ku3#-{d}nanna

P292987 reverse:2 dumu ku3#-{d}nanna

239997 i-he#-[er]-ri#

P292987 reverse:3 i-he#-[er]-ri#

239998 la-ma qa2-as-su2

P292987 reverse:4 la-ma qa2-as-su2

239999 isz#-ku-nu

P292987 reverse:5 isz#-ku-nu

240000 at#-ta hi-i-ri

P292987 reverse:6 at#-ta hi-i-ri

240001 u3 a-na

P292987 reverse:7 u3 a-na

240002 i-szar-ku-bi

P292987 reverse:8 i-szar-ku-bi

The plain() function focuses on the contents, and instead of the line number, it gives a full specification of the location, linked to the online source on CDLI.

But we can omit the locations:

In [8]:

for ln in lines:
    A.plain(ln, withPassage=False)

nu-uk!(AZ)-ta-la-al-li-mu

dumu ku3#-{d}nanna

i-he#-[er]-ri#

la-ma qa2-as-su2

isz#-ku-nu

at#-ta hi-i-ri

u3 a-na

i-szar-ku-bi

`text-orig-plain`¶

This is a somewhat reduced format. It omits all flags and bracketing constructs.

For clarity, adjacent signs are separated with a ⁼ character.

In [9]:

for ln in lines:
    A.plain(ln, fmt="text-orig-plain")

P292987 reverse:1 nu-uk!AZ-ta-la-al-li-mu

P292987 reverse:2 dumu ku3-d⁼nanna

P292987 reverse:3 i-he-er-ri

P292987 reverse:4 la-ma qa2-as-su2

P292987 reverse:5 isz-ku-nu

P292987 reverse:6 at-ta hi-i-ri

P292987 reverse:7 u3 a-na

P292987 reverse:8 i-szar-ku-bi

`text-orig-rich`¶

This format is a bit prettier: instead of the strict ASCII encoding used by the CDLI archive, it uses characters with diacritics.

There is no flag/cluster information in this representation.

In [10]:

for ln in lines:
    A.plain(ln, fmt="text-orig-rich")

P292987 reverse:1 nu-uk=AZ-ta-la-al-li-mu

P292987 reverse:2 dumu ku₃-d⁼nanna

P292987 reverse:3 i-he-er-ri

P292987 reverse:4 la-ma qa₂-as-su₂

P292987 reverse:5 iš-ku-nu

P292987 reverse:6 at-ta hi-i-ri

P292987 reverse:7 u₃ a-na

P292987 reverse:8 i-šar-ku-bi

`text-orig-unicode`¶

This format uses the Cuneiform Unicode characters.

Numerals with repeats are represented by placing that many copies of the character in question.

Readings that could not be found in the mapping we use, appear in latin characters.

There is no flag/cluster information in this representation.

In [11]:

for ln in lines:
    A.plain(ln, fmt="text-orig-unicode")

P292987 reverse:1 𒉡𒊌=𒊍𒋫𒆷𒀠𒇷𒈬

P292987 reverse:2 𒌉 𒆬𒀭𒌶𒆠

P292987 reverse:3 𒄿𒄭𒅕𒊑

P292987 reverse:4 𒆷𒈠 𒂵𒊍𒍪

P292987 reverse:5 𒅖𒆪𒉡

P292987 reverse:6 𒀜𒋫 𒄭𒄿𒊑

P292987 reverse:7 𒅇 𒀀𒈾

P292987 reverse:8 𒄿𒊬𒆪𒁉

Styled text formats¶

The formats whose names start with layout- are the styled text formats.

`layout-orig-rich`¶

This format looks like text-orig-rich, but now we re-introduce the flags and clusters by specific layout devices.

See below for detailed examples.

In [12]:

for ln in lines:
    A.plain(ln, fmt="layout-orig-rich")

P292987 reverse:1 nu-uk=⌈AZ⌉-ta-la-al-li-mu

P292987 reverse:2 dumu ku₃-dnanna

P292987 reverse:3 i-he-er-ri

P292987 reverse:4 la-ma qa₂-as-su₂

P292987 reverse:5 iš-ku-nu

P292987 reverse:6 at-ta hi-i-ri

P292987 reverse:7 u₃ a-na

P292987 reverse:8 i-šar-ku-bi

`layout-orig-unicode`¶

This format looks like text-orig-unicode, but now we re-introduce the flags and clusters by specific layout devices.

See below for detailed examples.

In [13]:

for ln in lines:
    A.plain(ln, fmt="layout-orig-unicode")

P292987 reverse:1 𒉡𒊌=⌈𒊍⌉𒋫𒆷𒀠𒇷𒈬

P292987 reverse:2 𒌉 𒆬𒀭𒌶𒆠

P292987 reverse:3 𒄿𒄭𒅕𒊑

P292987 reverse:4 𒆷𒈠 𒂵𒊍𒍪

P292987 reverse:5 𒅖𒆪𒉡

P292987 reverse:6 𒀜𒋫 𒄭𒄿𒊑

P292987 reverse:7 𒅇 𒀀𒈾

P292987 reverse:8 𒄿𒊬𒆪𒁉

Here is the text of the face in each of the plain text formats, i.e. no additional HTML formatting is applied.

Pretty¶

The ultimate of graphical display is by means of the pretty() function.

This display is less useful for reading, but instead optimized for showing all information that you might wish for.

It shows a base representation according to a text format of your choice (here we choose layout-orig-rich), and it shows the values of a standard set of features.

In [14]:

w = F.otype.s("word")[1]
F.atf.v(w)

Out[14]:

'_{d}suen_-i-[din-nam]'

In [15]:

A.pretty(w)

P509373 obverse:1

word _{d}suen_-i-[din-nam]

In [16]:

A.pretty(w, fmt="layout-orig-unicode", withNodes=True)

P509373 obverse:1

word:258164 𒀭𒂗𒍪𒄿𒁷𒉆

By default, pretty displays descend to the word level, but you can also descend to the sign level:

In [17]:

A.pretty(w, baseTypes="sign")

P509373 obverse:1

word _{d}suen_-i-[din-nam]

cluster

_{d}

suen_-

i-

cluster

[din-

nam]

In [18]:

A.pretty(w, fmt="layout-orig-unicode", baseTypes="sign", withNodes=True)

P509373 obverse:1

word:258164 𒀭𒂗𒍪𒄿𒁷𒉆

cluster:203221

cluster:203222

3 𒀭

4 𒂗𒍪

5 𒄿

cluster:203223

6 𒁷

7 𒉆

Later on, in the search tutorial we see that pretty() can also display other features, even features that you or other people have created and added later.

Here we call for the feature atf, which shows the original ATF for the sign in question excluding the bracketing characters.

Consult the feature documentation to see what information is stored in all the features.

We show it with node numbers, but you could leave them out in an obvious way.

In [19]:

A.pretty(f, extraFeatures="atf", fmt="layout-orig-rich", withNodes=True)

P292987 reverse

face:228928 P292987 reverse

We do not see much, because the default condense type is line, and a document is bigger than that. Objects bigger than de condense type will be abbreviated to a label that indicates their identity, not their contents.

But we can override this by adding full=True.

Layout formats: the details¶

We give detailed examples of how the material is styled in the layout- formats.

We show the representation of all kinds of signs and also what the influence of clustering and flags are.

Here are the design principles:

all flags # ? ! * cause the preceding sign to be in bold
damage # and missing [ ] text is blurry and in grey
questioned ? and uncertain ( ) text is in italics
remarkable ! and supplied < > text is overlined, supplied text is in blue
excised << >> text has a strike-through and is in red
collated * text is underlined

Numerals are written with repeats/fractions and the repeated material is in ⌈ ⌉. If represented in cuneiform unicode, repeated material is actually repeated that many times, and the repeat number and the brackets are not shown.

Ligatures (the x operator as in kux(DU)) are written with the ␣ character between the operands, and the second operand (DU) is written between ⌈ ⌉.

Corrections (as in ku!(LU)) are written as ku=⌈LU⌉.

Just a quick overview of the sign types:

In [21]:

F.type.freqList("sign")

Out[21]:

(('reading', 188292),
 ('unknown', 8761),
 ('numeral', 2184),
 ('ellipsis', 1617),
 ('grapheme', 1272),
 ('commentline', 969),
 ('complex', 122),
 ('comment', 2))

Styled display of ATF text¶

In [22]:

lines = (
    (("P510536", "obverse", "15"), ("cluster: language", [1, 2, 3])),
    (("P509373", "obverse", "1"), ("cluster: determinative", [3])),
    (("P509375", "obverse", "3"), ("cluster: missing", [1, 2, 3, 6])),
    (("P510736", "reverse", "5"), ("cluster: uncertain", [6, 7, 8])),
    (("P510526", "obverse", "8"), ("cluster: supplied", [7, 8, 9])),
    (("P373056", "obverse", "11"), ("cluster: excised", [9, 10])),
    (("P510536", "obverse", "8"), ("flag: damage", [1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10])),
    (("P297171", "reverse", "1"), ("flag: question", [3, 4, 5])),
    (("P510536", "obverse", "15"), ("flag: remarkable", [6])),
    (("P387299", "obverse", "5"), ("flag: collated", [1])),
    (("P510534", "reverse", "20'"), ("flag: damage + question", [3])),
    (("P497780", "reverse", "4"), ("flag: damage + remarkable", [1])),
    (("P305744", "obverse", "10"), ("flag: damage + collated", [5])),
    (("P305799", "left side", "1"), ("flag: collated + remarkable", [3, 5])),
    (("P305806", "reverse", "1"), ("flag: remarkable + question + collated", [3])),
    (("P305744", "obverse", "10"), ("flag collated in cluster missing", [6, 7])),
    (("P275088", "reverse", "2"), ("sign: comment", [1])),
    (("P510636", "obverse", "3"), ("sign: grapheme", [9])),
    (("P386451", "reverse", "11"), ("sign: correction", [6])),
    (("P312032", "left edge", "1"), ("sign: numeral", [4, 6])),
    (("P492284", "obverse", "5"), ("sign: ligature", [2, 3])),
    (("P509373", "reverse", "18'"), ("sign: unknown and ellipsis", [7, 8])),
)

In [23]:

for (line, (desc, positions)) in lines:
    ln = T.nodeFromSection(line)
    A.dm("---\n# {}\n\nLocation: {} {}:{}".format(desc, *line))
    s = L.d(ln, otype="sign")[0]
    highlights = {s + p - 1 for p in positions}
    print(*A.getSource(ln), sep="\n")
    A.plain(ln, fmt="layout-orig-rich", highlights=highlights)
    A.plain(ln, fmt="layout-orig-unicode", highlights=highlights)
    A.pretty(
        ln,
        extraFeatures="atf",
        fmt="text-orig-rich",
        baseTypes="sign",
        highlights=highlights,
    )

cluster: language¶

Location: P510536 obverse:15

15. _ma2 hi-a_ as-sa3-ki!-ip

P510536 obverse:15 ma₂ hi-a as-sa₃-ki-ip

P510536 obverse:15 𒈣 𒄭𒀀 𒊍𒍝𒆠𒅁

P510536 obverse:15

line

word ma₂

atf=_ma2

cluster

ma₂

atf=ma2

word hi-a

atf=hi-a_

cluster

hi-

atf=hi

a

atf=a

word as-sa₃-ki-ip

atf=as-sa3-ki!-ip

as-

atf=as

sa₃-

atf=sa3

ki-

atf=ki!

ip

atf=ip

cluster: determinative¶

Location: P509373 obverse:1

1. [a-na] _{d}suen_-i-[din-nam]

P509373 obverse:1 a-na dsuen-i-din-nam

P509373 obverse:1 𒀀𒈾 𒀭𒂗𒍪𒄿𒁷𒉆

P509373 obverse:1

line

word a-na

atf=[a-na]

cluster

a-

atf=a

na

atf=na

word d⁼suen-i-din-nam

atf=_{d}suen_-i-[din-nam]

cluster

d⁼

atf=d

suen-

atf=suen

i-

atf=i

cluster

din-

atf=din

nam

atf=nam

cluster: missing¶

Location: P509375 obverse:3

3. [um-ma x]-na-su-[x]-ma

P509375 obverse:3 um-ma x-na-su-x-ma

P509375 obverse:3 𒌝𒈠 x𒈾𒋢x𒈠

P509375 obverse:3

line

word um-ma

atf=[um-ma

cluster

um-

atf=um

ma

atf=ma

word x-na-su-x-ma

atf=x]-na-su-[x]-ma

cluster

x-

atf=x

na-

atf=na

su-

atf=su

cluster

x-

atf=x

ma

atf=ma

cluster: uncertain¶

Location: P510736 reverse:5

5. ut,-t,e4-eh-[hu-u2-(szu-nu-ti)]

P510736 reverse:5 uṭ-ṭe₄-eh-hu-u₂-šu-nu-ti

P510736 reverse:5 𒌓𒋼𒄴𒄷𒌑𒋗𒉡𒋾

P510736 reverse:5

line

word uṭ-ṭe₄-eh-hu-u₂-šu-nu-ti

atf=ut,-t,e4-eh-[hu-u2-(szu-nu-ti)]

uṭ-

atf=ut,

ṭe₄-

atf=t,e4

eh-

atf=eh

cluster

hu-

atf=hu

u₂-

atf=u2

cluster

šu-
atf=szu
nu-
atf=nu
ti
atf=ti

cluster: supplied¶

Location: P510526 obverse:8

8. a-na da-mi-iq-tim <li-ki-il>

P510526 obverse:8 a-na da-mi-iq-tim li-ki-il

P510526 obverse:8 𒀀𒈾 𒁕𒈪𒅅𒁴 𒇷𒆠𒀧

P510526 obverse:8

line

word a-na

atf=a-na

a-

atf=a

na

atf=na

word da-mi-iq-tim

atf=da-mi-iq-tim

da-

atf=da

mi-

atf=mi

iq-

atf=iq

tim

atf=tim

word li-ki-il

atf=<li-ki-il>

cluster

li-
atf=li
ki-
atf=ki
il
atf=il

cluster: excised¶

Location: P373056 obverse:11

11. pu-ru#-us# a-na-ku i-na <<i-na>>

P373056 obverse:11 pu-ru-us a-na-ku i-na i-na

P373056 obverse:11 𒁍𒊒𒊻 𒀀𒈾𒆪 𒄿𒈾 𒄿𒈾

P373056 obverse:11

line

word pu-ru-us

atf=pu-ru#-us#

pu-

atf=pu

ru-

atf=ru#

us

atf=us#

word a-na-ku

atf=a-na-ku

a-

atf=a

na-

atf=na

ku

atf=ku

word i-na

atf=i-na

i-

atf=i

na

atf=na

word i-na

atf=<<i-na>>

cluster

i-

atf=i

na

atf=na

flag: damage¶

Location: P510536 obverse:8

8. tup#-pi2# ARAD#-i3-li2-szu# [is3-ni]-qa2#-am#

P510536 obverse:8 tup-pi₂ ARAD-i₃-li₂-šu is₃-ni-qa₂-am

P510536 obverse:8 𒁾𒁉 𒀴𒉌𒉌𒋗 𒀊𒉌𒂵𒄠

P510536 obverse:8

line

word tup-pi₂

atf=tup#-pi2#

tup-

atf=tup#

pi₂

atf=pi2#

word ARAD-i₃-li₂-šu

atf=ARAD#-i3-li2-szu#

ARAD-

atf=ARAD#

i₃-

atf=i3

li₂-

atf=li2

šu

atf=szu#

word is₃-ni-qa₂-am

atf=[is3-ni]-qa2#-am#

cluster

is₃-

atf=is3

ni-

atf=ni

qa₂-

atf=qa2#

am

atf=am#

flag: question¶

Location: P297171 reverse:1

1. ki-ma UD?-AD?-DI? i-na-ad-di-[x]

P297171 reverse:1 ki-ma UD-AD-DI i-na-ad-di-x

P297171 reverse:1 𒆠𒈠 𒌓𒀜𒁲 𒄿𒈾𒀜𒁲x

P297171 reverse:1

line

word ki-ma

atf=ki-ma

ki-

atf=ki

ma

atf=ma

word UD-AD-DI

atf=UD?-AD?-DI?

UD-
atf=UD?
AD-
atf=AD?
DI 
atf=DI?

word i-na-ad-di-x

atf=i-na-ad-di-[x]

i-

atf=i

na-

atf=na

ad-

atf=ad

di-

atf=di

cluster

x

atf=x

flag: remarkable¶

Location: P510536 obverse:15

15. _ma2 hi-a_ as-sa3-ki!-ip

P510536 obverse:15 ma₂ hi-a as-sa₃-ki-ip

P510536 obverse:15 𒈣 𒄭𒀀 𒊍𒍝𒆠𒅁

P510536 obverse:15

line

word ma₂

atf=_ma2

cluster

ma₂

atf=ma2

word hi-a

atf=hi-a_

cluster

hi-

atf=hi

a

atf=a

word as-sa₃-ki-ip

atf=as-sa3-ki!-ip

as-

atf=as

sa₃-

atf=sa3

ki-

atf=ki!

ip

atf=ip

flag: collated¶

Location: P387299 obverse:5

5. _8(gesz2)* sze gur_ i-ib-szu-u2

P387299 obverse:5 8⌈geš₂⌉ še gur i-ib-šu-u₂

P387299 obverse:5 𒐜 𒊺 𒄥 𒄿𒅁𒋗𒌑

P387299 obverse:5

line

word 8(geš₂)

atf=_8(gesz2)*

cluster

8(geš₂)

atf=8(gesz2)*

word še

atf=sze

cluster

še

atf=sze

word gur

atf=gur_

cluster

gur

atf=gur

word i-ib-šu-u₂

atf=i-ib-szu-u2

i-

atf=i

ib-

atf=ib

šu-

atf=szu

u₂

atf=u2

flag: damage + question¶

Location: P510534 reverse:20'

20'. li#-il#-qe2#?-[szu-ma?]

P510534 reverse:20' li-il-qe₂-šu-ma

P510534 reverse:20' 𒇷𒀧𒆠𒋗𒈠

P510534 reverse:20'

line

word li-il-qe₂-šu-ma

atf=li#-il#-qe2#?-[szu-ma?]

li-

atf=li#

il-

atf=il#

qe₂-

atf=qe2#?

cluster

šu-

atf=szu

ma

atf=ma?

flag: damage + remarkable¶

Location: P497780 reverse:4

4. lu#!-usz-ku-un-ma

P497780 reverse:4 lu-uš-ku-un-ma

P497780 reverse:4 𒇻𒍑𒆪𒌦𒈠

P497780 reverse:4

line

word lu-uš-ku-un-ma

atf=lu#!-usz-ku-un-ma

lu-

atf=lu#!

uš-

atf=usz

ku-

atf=ku

un-

atf=un

ma

atf=ma

flag: damage + collated¶

Location: P305744 obverse:10

10. u3 a-na di*-ia#*-[at* t,e*]-e-em

P305744 obverse:10 u₃ a-na di-ia-at ṭe-e-em

P305744 obverse:10 𒅇 𒀀𒈾 𒁲𒅀𒀜 𒁲𒂊𒅎

P305744 obverse:10

line

word u₃

atf=u3

u₃

atf=u3

word a-na

atf=a-na

a-

atf=a

na

atf=na

word di-ia-at

atf=di*-ia#*-[at*

di-

atf=di*

ia-

atf=ia#*

cluster

at

atf=at*

word ṭe-e-em

atf=t,e*]-e-em

cluster

ṭe-

atf=t,e*

e-

atf=e

em

atf=em

flag: collated + remarkable¶

Location: P305799 left side:1

1. ki-ma ta!*-da*-ga!*-li* eb*-szi
@left side

P305799 left side:1 ki-ma ta-da-ga-li eb-ši

P305799 left side:1 𒆠𒈠 𒋫𒁕𒂵𒇷 𒅁𒅆

P305799 left side:1

line

word ki-ma

atf=ki-ma

ki-

atf=ki

ma

atf=ma

word ta-da-ga-li

atf=ta!*-da*-ga!*-li*

ta-

atf=ta!*

da-

atf=da*

ga-

atf=ga!*

li

atf=li*

word eb-ši

atf=eb*-szi

eb-

atf=eb*

ši

atf=szi

flag: remarkable + question + collated¶

Location: P305806 reverse:1

1. ia-ti er?!*-ha-tu-szu

P305806 reverse:1 ia-ti er-ha-tu-šu

P305806 reverse:1 𒅀𒋾 𒅕𒄩𒌅𒋗

P305806 reverse:1

line

word ia-ti

atf=ia-ti

ia-

atf=ia

ti

atf=ti

word er-ha-tu-šu

atf=er?!*-ha-tu-szu

er-

atf=er?!*

ha-

atf=ha

tu-

atf=tu

šu

atf=szu

flag collated in cluster missing¶

Location: P305744 obverse:10

10. u3 a-na di*-ia#*-[at* t,e*]-e-em

P305744 obverse:10 u₃ a-na di-ia-at ṭe-e-em

P305744 obverse:10 𒅇 𒀀𒈾 𒁲𒅀𒀜 𒁲𒂊𒅎

P305744 obverse:10

line

word u₃

atf=u3

u₃

atf=u3

word a-na

atf=a-na

a-

atf=a

na

atf=na

word di-ia-at

atf=di*-ia#*-[at*

di-

atf=di*

ia-

atf=ia#*

cluster

at

atf=at*

word ṭe-e-em

atf=t,e*]-e-em

cluster

ṭe-

atf=t,e*

e-

atf=e

em

atf=em

sign: comment¶

Location: P275088 reverse:2

2. ($ blank space $) 8(disz) _lu2-mesz_ an-nu-ti-in

P275088 reverse:2 blank space 8⌈diš⌉ lu₂-meš an-nu-ti-in

P275088 reverse:2 blank space 𒐍 𒇽𒈨𒌍 𒀭𒉡𒋾𒅔

P275088 reverse:2

line

word ($ blank space $)

($ blank space $)

atf=($ blank space $)

word 8(diš)

atf=8(disz)

8(diš)

atf=8(disz)

word lu₂-meš

atf=_lu2-mesz_

cluster

lu₂-

atf=lu2

meš

atf=mesz

word an-nu-ti-in

atf=an-nu-ti-in

an-

atf=an

nu-

atf=nu

ti-

atf=ti

in

atf=in

sign: grapheme¶

Location: P510636 obverse:3

3. um-ma {d}suen-isz-me-a-ni _ARAD_-ka-ma

P510636 obverse:3 um-ma dsuen-iš-me-a-ni ARAD-ka-ma

P510636 obverse:3 𒌝𒈠 𒀭𒂗𒍪𒅖𒈨𒀀𒉌 𒀴𒅗𒈠

P510636 obverse:3

line

word um-ma

atf=um-ma

um-

atf=um

ma

atf=ma

word d⁼suen-iš-me-a-ni

atf={d}suen-isz-me-a-ni

cluster

d⁼

atf=d

suen-

atf=suen

iš-

atf=isz

me-

atf=me

a-

atf=a

ni

atf=ni

word ARAD-ka-ma

atf=_ARAD_-ka-ma

cluster

ARAD-

atf=ARAD

ka-

atf=ka

ma

atf=ma

sign: correction¶

Location: P386451 reverse:11

11. {disz}pa#-ri-du-um il!(AL)-qe2

P386451 reverse:11 dišpa-ri-du-um il=⌈AL⌉-qe₂

P386451 reverse:11 𒁹𒉺𒊑𒁺𒌝 𒀧=⌈𒀠⌉𒆠

P386451 reverse:11

line

word diš⁼pa-ri-du-um

atf={disz}pa#-ri-du-um

cluster

diš⁼

atf=disz

pa-

atf=pa#

ri-

atf=ri

du-

atf=du

um

atf=um

word il=AL-qe₂

atf=il!(AL)-qe2

il=AL-

atf=il!(AL)

qe₂

atf=qe2

sign: numeral¶

Location: P312032 left edge:1

1. e-zi-ib _3(u) gur 8(asz) ziz2-an-na_

P312032 left edge:1 e-zi-ib 3⌈u⌉ gur 8⌈aš⌉ ziz₂-an-na

P312032 left edge:1 𒂊𒍣𒅁 𒌍 𒄥 𒐆 𒀾𒀭𒈾

P312032 left edge:1

line

word e-zi-ib

atf=e-zi-ib

e-

atf=e

zi-

atf=zi

ib

atf=ib

word 3(u)

atf=_3(u)

cluster

3(u)

atf=3(u)

word gur

atf=gur

cluster

gur

atf=gur

word 8(aš)

atf=8(asz)

cluster

8(aš)

atf=8(asz)

word ziz₂-an-na

atf=ziz2-an-na_

cluster

ziz₂-

atf=ziz2

an-

atf=an

na

atf=na

sign: ligature¶

Location: P492284 obverse:5

5. _mu-kux(DU)#_ [x x x]-tum?

P492284 obverse:5 mu-ku␣⌈DU⌉ x x x-tum

P492284 obverse:5 𒈬𒆪␣⌈𒁺⌉ x x x𒌈

P492284 obverse:5

line

word mu-ku␣DU

atf=_mu-kux(DU)#_

cluster

mu-

atf=mu

ku␣DU

atf=kux(DU)#

word x

atf=[x

cluster

x

atf=x

word x

atf=x

cluster

x

atf=x

word x-tum

atf=x]-tum?

cluster

x-

atf=x

tum

atf=tum?

sign: unknown and ellipsis¶

Location: P509373 reverse:18'

18'. u2-ul a-sza-ap-pa-[x ...]

P509373 reverse:18' u₂-ul a-ša-ap-pa-x ...

P509373 reverse:18' 𒌑𒌌 𒀀𒊭𒀊𒉺x ...

P509373 reverse:18'

line

word u₂-ul

atf=u2-ul

u₂-

atf=u2

ul

atf=ul

word a-ša-ap-pa-x

atf=a-sza-ap-pa-[x

a-

atf=a

ša-

atf=sza

ap-

atf=ap

pa-

atf=pa

cluster

x

atf=x

word …

atf=...]

cluster

…

atf=...

All chapters:

start introduction to computing with your corpus
display become an expert in creating pretty displays of your text structures
search turbo charge your hand-coding with search templates
exportExcel make tailor-made spreadsheets out of your results
share draw in other people's data and let them use yours
similarLines spot the similarities between lines

See the cookbook for recipes for small, concrete tasks.

CC-BY Dirk Roorda

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sign: numeral¶

sign: ligature¶

sign: unknown and ellipsis¶

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