Notebook

The use of μονογενής (Nestle1904LFT)¶

Work in progress!

Table of content ¶

1 - Introduction
- 1.1 - Why is this relevant?
- 1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries
2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data
3 - Performing the queries
- 3.1 - Rendering of the word μονογενής
- 3.2 - Using show
4 - Discussion
5 - Atribution and footnotes
6 - Required libraries

1 - Introduction ¶

Back to TOC ¶

How to translate and understand μονογενής (monogenēs).

1.1 - Why is this relevant? ¶

The Greek word "μονογενής" (monogenēs) is often used in the context of biblical texts, particularly in the New Testament, to describe Jesus Christ. Its precise meaning has been a subject of theological debate, as it can be translated in different ways, such as "only begotten" or "unique" or "one-of-a-kind."

Consider for example John 3:16:

Οὕτως γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, ὥστε τὸν Υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵναπᾶς ὁπι στεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται ἀλλ’ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον.

The choice of translation can depend on the theological tradition and interpretation of the text. In some translations of the Bible, the word μονογενής in John 3:16 was translated as "only begotten" (e.g., in the King James Version), while others use "one and only" or "unique" to convey the idea of Jesus being unique and special.

See also the entry in Liddel-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon for more lexical details.

1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries ¶

Back to TOC

As the translation of μονογενής depends on the context of the word being used, we first need to search for all occurences of the lemma μονογενής.

2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data ¶

Back to TOC ¶

In [1]:

%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2

In [2]:

# Loading the Text-Fabric code
# Note: it is assumed Text-Fabric is installed in your environment
from tf.fabric import Fabric
from tf.app import use

In [3]:

# load the N1904 app and data
N1904 = use ("tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT", version="0.6", hoist=globals())

Locating corpus resources ...

The requested app is not available offline
	~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app not found

Status: latest release online v0.6 versus None locally

downloading app, main data and requested additions ...

app: ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app

The requested data is not available offline
	~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6 not found

Status: latest release online v0.6 versus None locally

downloading app, main data and requested additions ...

data: ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6

   |     0.21s T otype                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     2.25s T oslots               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.61s T wordunacc            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.63s T unicode              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T verse                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.56s T book                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T chapter              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.49s T after                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.56s T wordtranslit         from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.59s T word                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.59s T normalized           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |      |     0.06s C __levels__           from otype, oslots, otext
   |      |     1.78s C __order__            from otype, oslots, __levels__
   |      |     0.07s C __rank__             from otype, __order__
   |      |     3.31s C __levUp__            from otype, oslots, __rank__
   |      |     1.93s C __levDown__          from otype, __levUp__, __rank__
   |      |     0.21s C __characters__       from otext
   |      |     0.94s C __boundary__         from otype, oslots, __rank__
   |      |     0.05s C __sections__         from otype, oslots, otext, __levUp__, __levels__, book, chapter, verse
   |      |     0.24s C __structure__        from otype, oslots, otext, __rank__, __levUp__, book, chapter, verse
   |     0.44s T booknumber           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.56s T bookshort            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T case                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.32s T clausetype           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.56s T containedclause      from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.42s T degree               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.58s T gloss                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T gn                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.03s T headverse            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.32s T junction             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.55s T lemma                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.50s T lex_dom              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.53s T ln                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.41s T markafter            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.40s T markbefore           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.40s T markorder            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.44s T monad                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.43s T mood                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.51s T morph                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.52s T nodeID               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T nu                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.49s T number               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.43s T person               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.42s T punctuation          from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.68s T ref                  from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.66s T reference            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.48s T roleclausedistance   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.46s T sentence             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.51s T sp                   from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.51s T sp_full              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.53s T strongs              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.44s T subj_ref             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.43s T tense                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.47s T type                 from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.44s T voice                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.38s T wgclass              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.34s T wglevel              from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.36s T wgnum                from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.36s T wgrole               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.34s T wgrolelong           from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.40s T wgrule               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.34s T wgtype               from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.50s T wordlevel            from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.50s T wordrole             from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6
   |     0.50s T wordrolelong         from ~/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/tf/0.6

TF: TF API 12.1.5, tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app v3, Search Reference
Data: tonyjurg - Nestle1904LFT 0.6, Character table, Feature docs

Node types

Name	# of nodes	# slots / node	% coverage
book	27	5102.93	100
chapter	260	529.92	100
verse	7943	17.35	100
sentence	8011	17.20	100
wg	105430	6.85	524
word	137779	1.00	100

Sets: no custom sets
Features:

Nestle 1904 (Low Fat Tree)

after

str

✅ Characters (eg. punctuations) following the word

book

str

✅ Book name (in English language)

booknumber

int

✅ NT book number (Matthew=1, Mark=2, ..., Revelation=27)

bookshort

str

✅ Book name (abbreviated)

case

str

✅ Gramatical case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative)

chapter

int

✅ Chapter number inside book

clausetype

str

✅ Clause type details (e.g. Verbless, Minor)

containedclause

str

🆗 Contained clause (WG number)

degree

str

✅ Degree (e.g. Comparitative, Superlative)

gloss

str

✅ English gloss

str

✅ Gramatical gender (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

headverse

str

✅ Start verse number of a sentence

junction

str

✅ Junction data related to a wordgroup

lemma

str

✅ Lexeme (lemma)

lex_dom

str

✅ Lexical domain according to Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Greek, SDBG (not present everywhere?)

str

✅ Lauw-Nida lexical classification (not present everywhere?)

markafter

str

🆗 Text critical marker after word

markbefore

str

🆗 Text critical marker before word

markorder

str

Order of punctuation and text critical marker

monad

int

✅ Monad (smallest token matching word order in the corpus)

mood

str

✅ Gramatical mood of the verb (passive, etc)

morph

str

✅ Morphological tag (Sandborg-Petersen morphology)

nodeID

str

✅ Node ID (as in the XML source data)

normalized

str

✅ Surface word with accents normalized and trailing punctuations removed

str

✅ Gramatical number (Singular, Plural)

number

str

✅ Gramatical number of the verb (e.g. singular, plural)

otype

str

person

str

✅ Gramatical person of the verb (first, second, third)

punctuation

str

✅ Punctuation after word

ref

str

✅ Value of the ref ID (taken from XML sourcedata)

reference

str

✅ Reference (to nodeID in XML source data, not yet post-processes)

roleclausedistance

str

⚠️ Distance to the wordgroup defining the syntactical role of this word

sentence

int

✅ Sentence number (counted per chapter)

str

✅ Part of Speech (abbreviated)

sp_full

str

✅ Part of Speech (long description)

strongs

str

✅ Strongs number

subj_ref

str

🆗 Subject reference (to nodeID in XML source data, not yet post-processes)

tense

str

✅ Gramatical tense of the verb (e.g. Present, Aorist)

type

str

✅ Gramatical type of noun or pronoun (e.g. Common, Personal)

unicode

str

✅ Word as it apears in the text in Unicode (incl. punctuations)

verse

int

✅ Verse number inside chapter

voice

str

✅ Gramatical voice of the verb (e.g. active,passive)

wgclass

str

✅ Class of the wordgroup (e.g. cl, np, vp)

wglevel

int

🆗 Number of the parent wordgroups for a wordgroup

wgnum

int

✅ Wordgroup number (counted per book)

wgrole

str

✅ Syntactical role of the wordgroup (abbreviated)

wgrolelong

str

✅ Syntactical role of the wordgroup (full)

wgrule

str

✅ Wordgroup rule information (e.g. Np-Appos, ClCl2, PrepNp)

wgtype

str

✅ Wordgroup type details (e.g. group, apposition)

word

str

✅ Word as it appears in the text (excl. punctuations)

wordlevel

str

🆗 Number of the parent wordgroups for a word

wordrole

str

✅ Syntactical role of the word (abbreviated)

wordrolelong

str

✅ Syntactical role of the word (full)

wordtranslit

str

🆗 Transliteration of the text (in latin letters, excl. punctuations)

wordunacc

str

✅ Word without accents (excl. punctuations)

oslots

none

Settings:

specified

apiVersion: 3
appName: tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT
appPath:
C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/app
commit: no value
css: ''
dataDisplay:
- excludedFeatures:
  - orig_order
  - verse
  - book
  - chapter
- noneValues:
  - none
  - unknown
  - no value
  - NA
  - ''
- showVerseInTuple: 0
- textFormat: text-orig-full
docs:
- docBase: https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/blob/main/docs/
- docPage: about
- docRoot: https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT
- featureBase:
  https://github.com/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/blob/main/docs/features/<feature>.md
interfaceDefaults: {fmt: layout-orig-full}
isCompatible: True
local: no value
localDir:
C:/Users/tonyj/text-fabric-data/github/tonyjurg/Nestle1904LFT/_temp
provenanceSpec:
- corpus: Nestle 1904 (Low Fat Tree)
- doi: notyet
- org: tonyjurg
- relative: /tf
- repo: Nestle1904LFT
- repro: Nestle1904LFT
- version: 0.6
- webBase: https://learner.bible/text/show_text/nestle1904/
- webHint: Show this on the Bible Online Learner website
- webLang: en
- webUrl:
  https://learner.bible/text/show_text/nestle1904/<1>/<2>/<3>
- webUrlLex: {webBase}/word?version={version}&id=<lid>
release: no value
typeDisplay:
- book:
  - condense: True
  - hidden: True
  - label: {book}
  - style: ''
- chapter:
  - condense: True
  - hidden: True
  - label: {chapter}
  - style: ''
- sentence:
  - hidden: 0
  - label: #{sentence} (start: {book} {chapter}:{headverse})
  - style: ''
- verse:
  - condense: True
  - excludedFeatures: chapter verse
  - label: {book} {chapter}:{verse}
  - style: ''
- wg:
  - hidden: 0
  - label:
    #{wgnum}: {wgtype} {wgclass} {clausetype} {wgrole} {wgrule} {junction}
  - style: ''
- word:
  - base: True
  - features: lemma
  - featuresBare: gloss
  - surpress: chapter verse
writing: grc

TF API: names N F E L T S C TF Fs Fall Es Eall Cs Call directly usable

In [4]:

# The following will push the Text-Fabric stylesheet to this notebook (to facilitate proper display with notebook viewer)
N1904.dh(N1904.getCss())

In [5]:

# Set default view in a way to limit noise as much as possible.
N1904.displaySetup(condensed=True, multiFeatures=False, queryFeatures=False)

3 - Performing the queries ¶

Back to TOC ¶

3.1 - Rendering of the word μονογενής ¶

Back to TOC ¶

The following script gathers all occurrences of the lemma 'μονογενής' and displays its English gloss stored in the TF database. This confirms that the word is interpreted (and translated) differently in different contexts.

In [6]:

count=0
print ('count\t location\t translation')
for node in F.otype.s('word'):
    lemma=F.lemma.v(node)
    if lemma == 'μονογενής':
        count+=1
        book=F.book.v(node)
        chapter=F.chapter.v(node)
        verse=F.verse.v(node)
        word=F.word.v(node)
        gloss=F.gloss.v(node)
        print (count,'\t',book,chapter,':',verse,'\t', gloss)

count	 location	 translation
1 	 Luke 7 : 12 	 only begotten
2 	 Luke 8 : 42 	 an only
3 	 Luke 9 : 38 	 an only child
4 	 John 1 : 14 	 of an only begotten
5 	 John 1 : 18 	 [the] only begotten
6 	 John 3 : 16 	 only begotten
7 	 John 3 : 18 	 only begotten
8 	 Hebrews 11 : 17 	 only begotten son
9 	 I_John 4 : 9 	 one and only

3.1.1 - Note 1: The impact of accented Greek Text ¶

Back to TOC ¶

If the search was based upon occurances of the occurance of the #surface text word# μονογενής, a different set of results are found. In the example below, the compare is performed on the unaccented word. The importance of this can be seen from the results (i.e. Luke 8 : 42 has μονογενὴς and Luke 9 : 38 μονογενής).

In [7]:

count=0
print ('count\t location\tword \t translation')
for node in F.otype.s('word'):
    wordunacc=F.wordunacc.v(node)
    if wordunacc == 'μονογενης':
        count+=1
        book=F.book.v(node)
        chapter=F.chapter.v(node)
        verse=F.verse.v(node)
        word=F.word.v(node)
        gloss=F.gloss.v(node)
        print (count,'\t',book,chapter,':',verse,'\t', word,'\t', gloss)

count	 location	word 	 translation
1 	 Luke 7 : 12 	 μονογενὴς 	 only begotten
2 	 Luke 8 : 42 	 μονογενὴς 	 an only
3 	 Luke 9 : 38 	 μονογενής 	 an only child
4 	 John 1 : 18 	 μονογενὴς 	 [the] only begotten

3.1.2 - Note 2: Alternative method to identify verses ¶

Back to TOC ¶

An alternative method to identify the verse where μονογενής is pressent, is to use T.sectionFromNode(node). The resultant tuple structure can be determined from the output of T.structureInfo(). See following image:

3.1.3 - Note 3: Obtaining verse info from otext ¶

Back to TOC ¶

This is the same info as can be obtained from otext. This will result in the following snippet of code:

In [8]:

for node in F.otype.s('word'):
    lemma=F.lemma.v(node)
    if lemma == 'μονογενής':
        book, chapter, verse = T.sectionFromNode(node) 
        # Each element on the left hand side corresponds to an element in the tuple.
        print (book,chapter,verse)

Luke 7 12
Luke 8 42
Luke 9 38
John 1 14
John 1 18
John 3 16
John 3 18
Hebrews 11 17
I_John 4 9

3.2 - Using show ¶

Back to TOC ¶

In [9]:

MonogenesQuery = '''
book 
 chapter 
   verse 
      word lemma=μονογενής
'''
MonogenesResults = N1904.search(MonogenesQuery)
# This will create a list containing ordered tuples consisting of node numbers of the items as they appear in the query

# Just print some of the results
N1904.show(MonogenesResults, start=1, end=1, condensed=True, multiFeatures=False)

  0.09s 9 results

verse 1

Luke 7:12

verse Luke 7:12

sentence #283 (start: Luke 7:12)

wg #4401: cl* Conj-CL

wg #4402: CLandCL2

wg #4403: cl* sub-CL

ὡς

δὲ

wg #4402: CLandCL2

wg #4403: cl* sub-CL

wg #4404: cl V-ADV

ἤγγισεν

wg #4405: np adv DetNP

τῇ

wg #4406: np NPofNP

πύλῃ

wg #4407: np DetNP

τῆς

πόλεως,

wg #4408: group

καὶ

wg #4409: cl

ἰδοὺ

wg #4410: cl* CLaCL

wg #4411: cl V-S

ἐξεκομίζετο

wg #4412: np s AdjpNp

wg #4413: cl V2CL

τεθνηκὼς

wg #4414: np AdjpNp

μονογενὴς

wg #4415: np NpAdvp

υἱὸς

wg #4416: np DetNP

τῇ

wg #4417: np NPofNP

μητρὶ

αὐτοῦ,

wg #4418: group

καὶ

wg #4419: cl S-VC-P

αὐτὴ

ἦν

χήρα,

wg #4420: group

καὶ

wg #4421: cl S-VC-P

wg #4422: np s NpAdjp

wg #4423: np NPofNP

ὄχλος

wg #4424: np DetNP

τῆς

πόλεως

ἱκανὸς

ἦν

wg #4425: pp p PrepNp

σὺν

αὐτῇ.

4 - Discussion ¶

Back to TOC ¶

TBA

5 - Attribution and footnotes ¶

Back to TOC ¶

N.A.

6 - Required libraries ¶

Back to TOC ¶

The scripts in this notebook require (beside text-fabric) the following Python libraries to be installed in the environment:

???

You can install any missing library from within Jupyter Notebook using eitherpip or pip3.

The use of μονογενής (Nestle1904LFT)¶

Table of content ¶

1 - Introduction ¶

1.1 - Why is this relevant? ¶

1.2 - Translating into Text-Fabric queries ¶

2 - Load Text-Fabric app and data ¶

3 - Performing the queries ¶

3.1 - Rendering of the word μονογενής ¶

3.1.1 - Note 1: The impact of accented Greek Text ¶

3.1.2 - Note 2: Alternative method to identify verses ¶

3.1.3 - Note 3: Obtaining verse info from otext¶

3.2 - Using show ¶

4 - Discussion¶

5 - Attribution and footnotes¶

6 - Required libraries ¶

3.1.3 - Note 3: Obtaining verse info from otext ¶

4 - Discussion ¶

5 - Attribution and footnotes ¶